当前，土地资源是我国在农业生产最重要的生产要素，也是未来乡村振兴发展不可或缺的资源。我国广大农村地区长期以来沉淀了大量的闲散土地，影响了农村土地的节约集约利用和社会经济可持续发展，加剧了人地矛盾和资源浪费，不利于农村生产、生活和生态空间的协调与优化。开展农村闲散土地分布格局与管控利用的研究可以为农村土地资产盘活与乡村振兴发展提供理论依据。本文界定了农村闲散土地的概念，以山东省平阴县为例，从农村闲散土地识别、分布格局分析、闲置风险判别、闲置土地管控为主线开展相关研究。研究主要得到以下结论：

（1）基于机器学习与实地调查识别的农村闲散土地结果显示，平阴县农村闲散土地潜力总规模为518.45ha，主要类型为荒草地和裸土地等空闲类型，而废弃宅基地、废弃坑塘和废弃公共服务与工矿仓储用地等闲散土地的规模相对较小。

（2）农村土地闲置非常普遍，全部的村级单位中都有闲散土地存在。全县域内农村土地闲散率为8.16%，其分布呈现出一个大范围高密度聚集区和多个小范围高密度聚集区的态势，主要聚集在北部平阴城区周围及东南部孝直镇周边，不同街镇行政区内空闲程度差异较大。

（3）提出村庄联系强度指数（Village Connection Strength Index，VCSI），发展基于夜间灯光指数的农村土地闲置风险判别方法，研究表明，平阴县农村土地闲置主要以中低风险为主，345个村庄中，86个村庄的农村土地闲置呈现高风险状态，主要分布在南部的洪范池镇、孝直镇，低风险区主要分布在北部榆山街道、锦水街道和安城镇。

（4）提出基于“格局-风险-管控利用”的实施分区化的调控途径，农村闲散土地的调控利用应该以闲散土地的潜力为基础，结合土地闲置的风险判别实施分区化的调控路径。闲散地挖潜与发展扶持区需妥善处理好当前的闲散土地处置与未来高发风险防控的问题；乡村特色旅游重点发展区应重点处置好当前较大规模的闲散土地；乡村多元综合发展区以防范未来村庄的闲置风险为主；城郊闲散地综合挖潜区可保持当前的村庄发展模式，逐步实施乡村振兴。

At present, land resources are the most important production factors in agricultural production in China, and they are also indispensable resources for the future development of rural revitalization. A large amount of idle land has been deposited in the vast rural areas of China for a long time, which affects the economical and intensive use of rural land and sustainable socio-economic development, exacerbates the contradiction between human and land and waste of resources, and is not conducive to the coordination and optimization of rural production, living and ecological space. Research on the distribution pattern and control utilization of rural idle land can provide a theoretical basis for the revitalization of rural land assets and rural revitalization development. This paper defines the concept of rural idle land, and takes Pingyin County of Jinan City as an example to carry out a study on the identification of rural idle land, analysis of distribution pattern, identification of idle risk and control of idle land. The main conclusions of the study are as follows.

(1) The results of rural idle land identified based on machine learning and field survey show that the total scale of rural idle land potential in Pingyin County is 518.45ha, and the main types are vacant types such as barren grassland and bare land, while the scale of idle land such as abandoned house bases, abandoned ponds and abandoned public service and industrial and mining storage land is relatively small.

(2) Idle land in rural areas is very common, and idle land exists in all village units. The idle rate of rural land in the county is 8.16%, and its distribution shows a large high-density gathering area and several small high-density gathering areas, mainly around the urban area of Pingyin in the north and around Xiaozheng Town in the southeast, with large differences in the degree of idleness in different street and town administrations.

(3) The Village Connection Strength Index (VCSI) is proposed to develop a method to discriminate the risk of rural land idleness based on the night light index. The study shows that rural land idleness in Pingyin County is mainly of low to medium risk, and 86 of 345 villages show high risk of rural land idleness. They are mainly distributed in Hongfanchi Town and Xiaozhi Town in the south, and the low-risk areas are mainly distributed in Yushan Street, Jinshui Street and Ancheng Town in the north.

(4) It is proposed to implement a zoned control path based on "pattern-risk-control utilization", and the control utilization of idle land in rural areas should be based on the potential of idle land, combined with the risk identification of idle land to implement a zoned control path. The idle land dredging and development support zone should properly deal with the current idle land disposal and future high risk prevention and control; the rural special tourism development zone should focus on the disposal of the current large-scale idle land; the rural multi-dimensional development zone should focus on the prevention of future village idle risk; the suburban idle land comprehensive dredging zone can maintain the current village development model and gradually implement rural revitalization.