随着城市化进程的加速和农村社会经济的转型，乡村聚落格局发生了显著变化。在实现乡村振兴战略中，乡村扮演了关键的角色。然而，目前我国的乡村聚落普遍面临若干挑战，包括土地利用效率低、村庄建设用地布局无序以及村庄空心化现象严重。同时我国乡村聚落量大面广，区域差异明显，发展不平衡，这些问题制约了实现脱贫攻坚、乡村振兴的脚步。因此基于遥感影像提取乡村聚落斑块，借助聚类分析和景观格局指数等方法分析关中平原的高陵区和三原县2007-2022年乡村格局及动态演变特征找寻两地乡村格局差异，并通过进一步分析影响乡村格局时空变化的驱动因素找到差异形成原因，为制定和实施乡村振兴政策提供理论和实践支持。结论如下：

（1）高陵区与三原县的乡村聚落展现出不同的格局。高陵区与三原县虽同属乡村聚落密集区，却在乡村聚落总面积、数量、最大斑块指数及形态特征等方面存在显著差异。三原县乡村聚落分布更破碎，且主要集中在交通便利和地形平坦的南部，部分在北部，西北部因地形限制而稀疏，由于地形多样，乡村聚落形态更为复杂。高陵区的乡村聚落则靠近中心镇区和工业区，以大中型聚落为主，形态更为规则，同时乡村聚落更为集中和连通。

（2）2007-2022年高陵区和三原县的乡村聚落在空间格局上经历了显著变化。高陵区的聚落因接近城市而呈现集中和扩张趋势，而三原县的乡村聚落则受地形影响，表现出更加分散和不规则的扩展模式。随时间推移，两地的乡村聚落都表现出向周边地区的逐渐扩散，但高陵区的聚落更趋向于规模上的集中，三原县则是数量上的增加。

（3）高陵区与三原县乡村聚落空间格局差异形成受多种因素影响，乡村聚落的分布演变呈现出低海拔、近道路、近中心城镇和工业区的趋势。

With the acceleration of urbanization and the transformation of rural socio-economic structures, the patterns of rural settlements have undergone obvious changes. In the strategy for rural revitalization, rural development plays a crucial role. However, rural settlements in China currently face several challenges, including low land-use efficiency, disorganized layouts of village construction lands, and severe hollowing of villages. Additionally, due to the large number and widespread distribution of rural settlements, regional differences are apparent, and development is unbalanced, all of which hinder progress towards poverty alleviation and rural revitalization. Therefore, extracts patches of rural settlements based on remote sensing imagery and employs methods such as the cluster analysis, and landscape pattern indices to analyze the patterns and dynamic evolution of rural settlements in the Gaoling District and Sanyuan County of the Guanzhong Plain from 2007 to 2022. This study seeks to identify the differences in rural patterns between these areas and, by further analyzing the driving factors behind the spatiotemporal changes in rural patterns, to uncover the reasons for these differences. Provide theoretical and practical support for the formulation and implementation of rural revitalization policies.The main findings are summarized as follows:

(1) The patterns of rural settlements differ between Gaoling District and Sanyuan County. Although both are located in densely settled areas, they show significant differences in total settlement area, number of settlements, Largest patch index , and morphological characteristics. The settlements in Sanyuan County are more fragmented and primarily concentrated in the southern part with convenient transportation and flat terrain, partially distributed in the north, and sparse in the northwest due to topographical constraints. The diverse terrain results in more complex settlement morphologies. The settlements in Gaoling District, located near central town and industrial zones, mainly consist of medium to large settlements and have more regular shapes, with rural settlements being more concentrated and interconnected.

(2) From 2007 to 2022, the spatial patterns of rural settlements in Gaoling District and Sanyuan County have undergone significant changes. Settlements in Gaoling District, close to the city, exhibit trends of concentration and expansion, while those in Sanyuan County, influenced by the terrain, show a more dispersed and irregular expansion pattern. Over time, settlements in both areas have gradually spread to surrounding regions, but those in Gaoling District tend towards concentration in scale, whereas Sanyuan County has seen an increase in numbers.

(3) The differences in the spatial patterns of rural settlements between Gaoling District and Sanyuan County are influenced by multiple factors, with the distribution and evolution of rural settlements showing a tendency to be located at lower altitudes, near roads, central towns, and industrial areas.