本文综述了细胞内扩散的基本概念、单颗粒荧光跟踪技术及其在胞内扩散动力学研究中的应用。重点介绍了新型荧光标志物——量子点，还有一系列光学超分辨成像技术，包括全内反射荧光显微技术、受激发射损耗显微技术、随机光学重构显微术以及光激活定位显微技术。此外，本文还探讨了均方位移在胞内扩散研究中的应用，介绍了局部均方位移算法。同时，文章深入分析了胞内扩散动力学的研究原理及进展，包括复杂流体的粘弹性测量，以及胞内扩散与细胞迁移、细胞凋亡、空间维度和时间尺度等因素间的复杂关系。最后，本文总结了研究成果，指出了单颗粒荧光跟踪技术的局限性，并提出了进一步研究的建议。

The basic concepts of intracellular diffusion, the techniques of single-particle fluorescence tracking, and their applications in the study of intracellular diffusion dynamics are comprehensively reviewed in this article. A novel fluorescent marker, quantum dots, is emphasized, along with a range of optical super-resolution imaging techniques, including total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, stimulated emission depletion microscopy, stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, and photoactivated localization microscopy. Additionally, the utilization of mean square displacement in intracellular diffusion research is explored, and the local mean square displacement algorithm is introduced. The principles and advancements of intracellular diffusion dynamics are further delved into, encompassing viscoelastic measurements of complex fluids and the examination of the intricate relationship between intracellular diffusion and factors like cell migration, apoptosis, spatial dimensions, and time scales. Ultimately, the research findings are summarized, the limitations of single-particle fluorescence tracking techniques are pointed out, and suggestions for further studies are put forward.