区域地理环境如何影响人类活动是地理学研究的核心问题之一。不管是自然地理环境要素还是人文地理环境要素，都会对人类的认知能力产生影响。传统研究通常依赖于行为结果来推断认知能力，这种方法难以真正揭示行为背后的内部机制。同时，目前地理学人地关系的相关研究也尚未建立地理环境和认知能力之间的定量关系。

围绕着区域地理环境如何影响成年人认知能力的这一问题，本研究使用中国人脑连接组计划（CHCP）数据集的156名被试的认知数据以及2类地理环境数据，通过单变量分析、脑功能连接分析和表征相似性分析（RSA）方法，从区域整体性的角度探究了认知能力的区域性差异，并从多维度要素的角度定量分析了区域自然和人文地理环境要素对认知能力的具体影响。

研究结果显示，自然和人文环境要素均对成年人认知能力产生影响，北方成年人主要受到人文地理环境要素的影响。具体结论包括：（1）对成年人的认知能力影响较大的区域地理环境要素包括O₃含量、人均受教育年限、蓝色空间和人均公园绿地面积。其中，O₃含量对工作记忆能力有着积极影响（Rho=0.100），人均教育年限与博弈决策能力显著正相关（Rho=0.096），蓝色空间（Rho=0.093）和公园绿地（Rho=0.090）则与情绪处理能力显著正相关。（2）北方成年人的认知能力主要受到人文地理环境要素的影响，其中人均受教育年限、平均建筑体积通过影响内侧眶额皮层（mOFC）而提升了北方成年人的博弈决策能力，GDP通过影响内侧前额叶（mPFC）而提升了北方成年人的情绪处理能力。

本研究为理解区域人地关系提供了新的视角，有助于我们深入理解人类认知与行为对不同地理环境要素的响应，进而更好地与环境共存，而且也为制定区域性差异化政策提供了科学依据。

How regional geographic environment affects human activities is one of the crucial questions of geographic research. Both physical and human geo-environmental elements have an impact on human cognitive abilities. Traditional research usually relies on behavioral outcomes to infer cognitive abilities, an approach that makes it difficult to truly reveal the internal mechanisms behind behaviors. At the same time, current research related to human-land relationships in geography has yet to establish a quantitative relationship between geographic environment and cognitive ability.

Focusing on this question of how regional geographic environments affect adults' cognitive abilities, the present study used the cognitive data of 156 subjects from the Chinese Human Connectome Project (CHCP) dataset as well as 2 types of geographic environments to explore the regional differences in cognitive abilities. Using univariate analysis and brain functional connectivity analysis, we provided a whole view of regional difference. In addition, we applied representational similarity analysis (RSA) methods to quantitatively analyzed the effects of regional physical and human geographic environmental elements on cognitive ability.

The results of the study show that both physical and human environmental elements have an impact on the adult cognitive ability, and that adults in northern China are mainly affected by human geographic environmental elements. Specific findings include: (1) Regional environmental factors that have a greater impact on adults' cognitive ability include ozone content, years of education per capita, bluespace, and parks. Among them, ozone content had a positive effect on working memory ability (Rho=0.100), years of education per capita was significantly positively correlated with gambling & decision-making ability (Rho=0.096), and bluespace (Rho=0.093) and parks (Rho=0.090) were significantly positively correlated with emotional processing ability. (2) The cognitive abilities of adults in northern China were mainly influenced by human environmental factors, in which years of education per capita and average building volume enhanced the gambling & decision-making abilities by influencing the medial orbitofrontal cortex (mOFC), and GDP enhanced the emotional processing abilities by influencing the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC).

This study provides new perspectives for understanding regional human-land relationships, helps us to deeply understand the response of human cognition and behavior to different geographic environmental elements, and then better coexist with the environment, and also provides scientific basis for the development of regional differentiation policies.