机构翻译的实践研究是机构翻译的重要组成部分，涉及机构背景、翻译体系、翻译原则、译者译群和赞助人等多个因素，对完善机构翻译的理论具有重要作用。开展机构翻译的实践研究，需要结合具体案例，关注翻译过程。历史实例的分析与讨论，又有助于总结机构翻译的实践特征，帮助完善机构翻译的研究框架，为当今机构翻译活动的开展提供参考。

从中西对比角度入手，选择代表性事件开展机构翻译的实践研究，能更好地总结机构翻译在实践中的一般特征。中西翻译史上机构翻译的实践案例大量存在，本文所选取的佛经汉译与圣经英译两大研究对象，在长期历史发展中形成独立的翻译机构——佛经译场与圣经译委会。其中，分别以玄奘佛经译场和詹姆士圣经译委会为代表，从译本质量、翻译规模、社会影响等多角度衡量，堪称中西方机构翻译的经典案例。

本文从机构翻译的实践研究入手，围绕翻译体系、翻译流程、译者译群、翻译原则和赞助人五个方面，对中西翻译史上代表性的机构翻译案例——玄奘佛经译场与詹姆士圣经译委会开展研究，从中西对比角度总结出机构翻译在实践中的五个一般特征：（1）翻译体系结构严谨，层层推进；（2）翻译流程步骤明晰，权责分明；（3）翻译人员各具专长、来源广泛、匿名参与；（4）翻译原则清晰规范、统一标准；（5）翻译赞助人具有一定社会影响力，参与翻译、影响译文。

Institutional translation in practice is an indispensable content of institutional translation, involving factors as institutional background, translation systems, translation principles, institutional translators, ideology and patronage, which plays an important role in the theoretical construction of institutional translation. To conduct the practical research of institutional translation, it is necessary to pay attention to its translation process in combination with specific translation cases. By analyzing and discussing the historical examples, the characteristics of institutional translation in practice can be summarized, which will supplement the research framework of institutional translation, further providing references for the future institutional translation activities.    

From the comparative study between China and the West, it can better summarize the general characteristics of institutional translation in practice by choosing characteristic cases. Many cases of institutional translation in practice can be found in the history of Chinese and western translation, the two research objects selected in this paper are Buddhist Scripture Chinese translation and Bible English translation. During their long-term historical development, the independent translation institutions, Buddhist Scripture Translation Field and Bible Translation Committee, have been gradually formed. Among them, Xuanzang Buddhist Scripture Translation Field and James Bible Translation Committee are the representatives, which can be regarded as the classic cases of Chinese and Western Institutional translation, considering their translation quality, translation scale and social impact.   

Starting from the practice of institutional translation, focusing on the five aspects of translation system, translation process, translators and translation groups, translation principles, and patronage, this paper studies the representative cases of institutional translation in the history of Chinese and Western Translation --- Xuanzang Buddhist Scripture Translation Field and James Bible Translation Committee --- and summarizes their five general characteristics, so as to provide references for the future theoretical and practical study of institutional translation. The five general characteristics of institutional translation in practice are: a. its translation system is  well-structured with both inside and outside elements performing in the vertical system; b. its translation process is well-organized with each procedure revealing the clear-cut task and responsibility; c. its translators are all professionals in translation and related subject, and they take part in the translation activity anonymously; d. its translation principles and rules are clear and standardized; e. its patronage has certain kind of social influence and is involved in the whole process.