近年来随着细颗粒物（PM2.5）逐步成为大气中占比最大的主要污染物，PM2.5对人体健康的威胁越发明显并被越来越多的学者关注。当前医学领域采取切片观察发现蓄积在职业病人肺中的颗粒物可引发肺组织纤维化等病变现象，并采用生物实验手段对其作用机理展开研究。本研究将探索无损提取人肺组织内蓄积的细颗粒物的方法，从环境健康的角度对肺中蓄积PM2.5的物理和化学性质展开探究。研究结果表明：（1）物理研磨-复合生物酶解法作用下的人肺组织的分散程度最高，分散化产物可通过ICP-MS方法进行矿质组分的检测；（2）物理手段分离颗粒物方法中的最佳方法是饱和氯化铯溶液密度离心法和饱和溴化锌溶液密度离心法，通过该方法获取的颗粒物可进行颗粒物总量的计数；（3）化学手段分离颗粒物碳质颗粒的最佳方法为碱消解法，通过此方法可获得生物质含量较少的碳质颗粒，并可应用于碳质颗粒的检测中。 本研究的研究结果开创人肺中蓄积细颗粒物的无损提取方法，为后续对人肺蓄积PM2.5的研究打下基础。后续可进一步探索PM2.5在人体中的反应机理、人体对PM2.5的免疫机制，以及探析人肺组织中细颗粒物的来源及可能存在的风险，为更加精准地控制大气细颗粒物PM2.5提供科学的理论依据。

In recent years, with the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) gradually becoming the largest pollutant in the atmosphere, the threat of PM2.5 to human health has become more prominent and has attracted more and more attention of scholars. In the current medical field, histological sections have revealed that particulate matter accumulating in the lungs of occupational patients can cause pathological changes such as pulmonary fibrosis, and people use biological methods to study its mechanism. But this study explores the physical and chemical properties of PM2.5 accumulating in the lungs to gain the mechanism from the perspective of environmental health. To achieve this goal, this study set up a non-destructive method of extracting particulate matter from human lung tissue firstly. The results of the study indicate that: (1) The physical grinding-enzymolysis method is the most efficient approach to make human lung issue cracked and loosed. And the products can be used to detect the mineral element by ICP-MS; (2) The products obtained by enzyme treatment were put into saturated cesium chloride solution or saturated zinc bromide solution, and were centrifuged to separate lung tissue and fine particles. The particulate matter obtained by this method can count the total amount of particulate matter.; (3) The best method to gain carbonaceous component is alkali digestion method through which carbonaceous particles with less biomass content can be obtained and can be applied to the detection of carbonaceous particles. This non-destructive method of extracting fine particles accumulating in human lungs provides a scientific basic method for the subsequent study about the mechanism of PM2.5 response in the human body, as well as the source of the fine particles in the human lung tissue and the possible risks so that people can make a more precise control of atmospheric fine particles PM2.5.