鉴于人口问题是工业化、城市化进程中不可忽视的重要因素，以四川省为个案，试图利用人口学、经济学、管理学、公共政策分析的相关研究方法及现有的研究成果，阐明人口问题与工业化、城市化之间的相互关系及影响，并在此基础上，提出对人口及相关社会经济政策作出相应调适的对策建议。通过对比和实证分析，概括了四川人口发展现状及变动趋势的主要特征；分析了四川省当前所处的工业化、城市化发展阶段，探讨了人口问题与工业化、城市化之间的辩证关系，明确指出人口总量过大、人口城乡结构不合理、人口流动性较差、老龄化问题日益凸显、人口整体素质偏低等五个方面的问题是制约四川省工业化、城市化发展的主要瓶颈和障碍；通过概念辨析，进一步澄清了在人口政策解读过程中容易出现的认识误区，明确提出要站在人口与经济、社会、资源、环境协调发展和可持续发展的战略高度，立足于工业化和城市化的现实背景，克服片面性和孤立性，从数量、素质、结构、流动性等多个维度科学论证和妥善处理人口问题。同时，结合四川省情及发展实际，提出了抓住人口战略机遇期加快经济发展、以利益导向为重点建立和完善人口数量控制的长效机制、全面提升人口素质、积极应对和妥善处理老龄化问题、增强人口流动性、促进农村人口增收、加快推进工业化城市化进程等方面的对策建议。这些政策建议，顺应政府职能转变的方向和潮流，注重前瞻性、系统性和社会价值的全面实现，具有较好的针对性和实践性。

Considering that population is a factor that should not be ignored in the process of industrialization and urbanization, and taking Sichuan as a example, I intend to clarify the impacts of population on industrialization and urbanization and their mutual relationships by using the methods of demography, economics, administration, public policy analysis and the available research achievements. On this basis, I also put forward some measures on population and relevant social and economic policies. By comparison with other districts and illustration with empirical data, I summarize the main characteristics of the present situation and future tendency of the population in Sichuan. I analyze the developing phase of industrialization and urbanization in Sichuan, discussing the dialectical relationships among population, industrialization and urbanization. I clearly point out that the excessive number, the unreasonable structure, the restricted mobility, the ageing tendency and the low-quality of population are the barriers that hinder the development of industrialization and urbanization of Sichuan. By differentiating and analyzing the concept, I also clarify the misunderstandings on the population policies. I clearly argue that the problems on population must be addressed under the actual background of industrialization and urbanization, holding the principle that we must promote the coordinated and sustainable development of population, economics, society, resource and environment, overcoming one-sidedness, handling the problem in respect of number, quality, structure, mobility etc. Simultaneously, considering the actual situation in Sichuan, I propose some potential solutions to this problem, such as to accelerate the economic development by using the strategic opportunity period, to control the amount of population by guiding with interest, to promote the quality of population in every aspect, and appropriately to handle the ageing problem, to stimulate the mobility, to help the rural population to increase their income, to accelerate the process of industrialization and urbanization etc. These proposals are according to the function-transform trend of the government, placing emphasis on the farsightedness and systematicness, thus can be available to some extent in our practice.