油松（Pinus tabulaeformis）是我国北方主要的造林树种，但保存完好的天然油松林已所剩无几。为了做好油松天然种源的保护工作，对现有天然油松林的花粉流特征进行详细研究显得非常必要。本文运用叶绿体微卫星标记的方法，对北京市松山国家级自然保护区内天然油松林的油松进行了花粉库的遗传结构分析。其传粉期花粉库遗传信息通过油松种子胚的叶绿体DNA间接得到。旨在描绘油松连续种群中花粉组成的空间结构，揭示风向、距离、相对高度和地形等环境和景观因子对花粉库空间遗传结构的影响。此次研究得到的主要结果如下：1) 松山天然油松林花粉库遗传多样性较高。在654个样本中，使用7个叶绿体微卫星位点检测到等位基因44个、单体型134个。2) 种子发芽率和花粉库遗传多样性未检测出显著的相关关系。遗传多样性水平通过父本叶绿体单体型多样性表征。二者无相关性的结果可能和单体型多样性仅由可发芽后代计算得出有关。3) 相同母本的种子，其遗传差异大部分来自同一球果内部，球果之间以及不同方位之间的差异对总遗传差异的贡献率很小且不显著。这也许意味着对种子取样可以以球果为单位进行，且不必区分方位。但这个结果还有待进一步讨论。4) 距离对花粉散布有显著的影响，随着距离增加花粉库重叠程度降低。使用软件POLDISP 1.0的KINDIST模块估算出AB样地花粉平均传播距离为80m，山脊样地为372m。5) 山脊样带上父本单体型多样性和海拔没有显著相关性，但唯一多位点单体型随海拔升高有减少的趋势，一定程度上验证了随高度增加花粉量增多的假设。6) 地形因子如山脊等会在一定程度上影响花粉散布。分别位于山脊两侧状态相近距离约1km的两个样地的花粉库存在遗传分化，而同位于山脊坡面上距离约1km的3组花粉库的遗传差异却并不显著。这表明除距离因素之外，山脊对花粉散布可能有一定的阻隔作用。AMOVA分析也表明，两块样地间的差异对总体遗传差异有显著影响；另外，来自等位基因分布的信息也验证了两块样地花粉库的差异是存在的。

Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. is one of the main silvicultural species in north China. The natural P. tabulaeformis forest, in well preserved condition, of this species is rather rare now. In need of conservation of the seed sources of this species, it is very important and required to study the character of pollen flow. Paternally inherited chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) makers were used to examine the structure and diversity of pollen pools in P. tabulaeformis in natural P. tabulaeformis forest at Songshan National Nature Reserve. The genetic information of pollen pools was indirectly got from chloroplast DNA of seed embryo in P. tabulaeformis. The main objective of this research is to describe the genetic structure of pollen pool in the continuous P. tabulaeformis population with reference to the influences of environment and landscape factors such as wind direction, distance, relative height and terrain on it. The results are listed as follows:1) There is a high genetic diversity level of pollen pools in Songshan natural P. tabulaeformis forest. 44 alleles and 134 haplotypes were obtained from all 654 samples using 7 cpSSR makers. 2) There is no significant correlation between germination rate of seeds and genetic diversity of pollen pool. The diversity level is characterized by hyplotype diversity of paternally inherited chloroplast and usually has correlation to germination rate. This result may be related to the calculation of hyplotype diversity based on the germinated offspring.3) Most of the genetic differentiation of seeds from the same maternal plant is within cone. There is little and insignificant differentiation among cones and directions (AMOVA analysis). This result may imply that it is unnecessary to distinguish the directions, and taking cone as the basic sampling unit to analyze the paternal genetic structure. However, this conclusion should be validated further.4) There is a significant effect of distance on pollen dispersal and the overlapping degree of pollen pools decreased with the increase of distance. Using KINDIST in software package POLDISP 1.0, we estimated that the average distances of pollen dispersal within the study stand AB and Sj are 80m and 372m respectively. 5) There is no significant correlation between paternal hyplotype diversity and elevation, but a decreasing trend of unique multilocus haplotypes was detected with the increase of elevation, which supports to some extent the assumption that more pollens should be found in greater height. 6) Terrain factors like mountain ridge could have an influence on pollen dispersal. Study stands AB and CD are located at the both sides of ridge. The distance of two stands is about 1km. The pollen pools of this two stands has a genetic divergence, while there are no significant genetic divergences between pollen pools which have a distance of about 1km in ridge stand (Sj). This shows that ridges may block the dispersal of pollens. AMOVA analyses also indicate that there is no significant influence of variance between two stands on total genetic variance. In addition, the information from the distribution of alleles verifies the existence of divergence between two stands.