成语作为人们相沿习用的短语，有相当的稳固性，但是也并非一成不变，其意义和用法都会有一定程度的变化，大陆和台湾目前关于这方面的研究数量并不很多，各位学者对待同一现象的态度和认识也存在分歧。成语意义的变化，主要表现为其表义由蕴含义到字面义的变化，而这一变化也可以用人们常说的“望文生义”来表述。也就是说，人们在使用成语时，有时会抛开它早已形成并一直使用的引申义或比喻义，而使用它最直接的字面上的意义。文章从共时和历时两个角度对这种现象进行了统计分析。中国大陆方面，通过统计《人民日报》、《广州日报》和“百度贴吧”三家媒体近几年的数据发现，在报刊这类相对规范的媒体中，出现“望文生义”的成语数量和相应用例也比较多，并且随着媒体规范性的递减，这样的成语数量和相应用例所占的比例呈上升趋势。通过统计台湾《自立晚报》和《苹果日报》的语料发现，总体来说使用成语字面义的现象在台湾也比较常见。大陆和台湾成语“望文生义”的具体情况存在一定差别，表现在数量和个别成语表义字面化的程度等方面，但总体而言相似度还是比较高的。除了成语意义变化的共时考察外，通过统计《人民日报》1970年至今几个阶段的语料发现，具体成语内部的变化趋势会有起伏，但总的来看，“望文生义”的成语数量随时间推移逐渐增多，使用字面义的用例所占比例也不断提高。成语用法的变化文章主要考察动词性成语后面带宾语的现象。能带宾语的动词性成语数量本来很少，但近年来有增多的趋势。基于CCL语料库的语料，文章统计了可以带宾语的动词性成语具体有哪些，发现相较几年前的统计在数量上有大幅的提升。文章对这些成语的结构进行了分析，此类成语以联合、偏正和连动结构为主，也有少数其他结构的例子。成语意义和用法的演变都有其自身的方式和原因。在意义变化方面，文章根据成语使用字面义的不同情况，将其归纳为全面使用字面义、部分别解等不同方式。成语意义的变化既有内因，又有外因，汉字的特点、中国人的语言认知习惯和认知心理等因素都与之相关。在用法变化方面，文章从内部结构，动词的及物性以及独特的使用效果等方面对动词性成语带宾语的原因进行了分析。当前汉语词汇处于大发展、大变化时期，成语意义和用法的变化是其中一个方面的表现，通过对上述两个问题的统计分析，可以对成语有更全面的认识，对其发展演变情况有一定的了解，也可以在一定程度上了解和认识两岸语言在成语方面的差异与融合。

Idiom as relative fixed phrase is considerable stable, but not immutable and frozen, its meaning and usage have changed to some extent, in the mainland and Taiwan, the number of current researches on this phenomenon is relatively few. The scholars have different opinions on this matter too. The change of idiom’s meaning refers to the connotative meaning replaced by the “literal” expression, which can be called “take the words too literally”, that is to say people use its direct literal meaning instead of the used extended or metaphorical meaning. This article does the statistical analysis of this phenomenon from the synchronic and diachronic angles. In the mainland, through the statistics of “People’s Daily” “Guangzhou Daily” and Baidu Post Bar’s data in recent years, we found a certain number of “take the words too literally” idioms and the corresponding use cases in these relative standard media, and with the media’s specification degree decline, the number of the idioms and the proportion of the corresponding use cases show a rising trend. Through the statistics of Taiwan “Independent Evening News” and “Apple Daily”, we found that the use of idioms’ literal meaning is common in Taiwan too. There are some differences between the mainland and Taiwan on the quantity, the individual idiom’s meaning literal degree and other aspects, but the two also have a high degree of similarity in general. In addition to the synchronic study of idiom meaning changes, through the data analysis of “People’s Daily” from 1970s to now, we found that the inside change trend of specific idioms there will be up and downs, but in general, the number of idioms “take the words too literally” gradually increased over time, the proportion of the corresponding use cases continuously increases too. The above is the change of the significance and the usage change refer to the verbal idiom followed by an object in this article. The number of verbal idioms that can take object is rare, but in recent years there is a growing trend, based on the data of the CCL corpus, we try to find which verbal idiom can followed by an object and the result showed that the number has significantly improved compared with the statistics result a few years ago. This article analyzes the structures of these idioms and the main structures are the coordination structure, the prejudiced construction and the linkage structure. The evolution of the idiom’s meaning and usage has its own ways and reasons. According to the different situation of the use of idiom’s literal meaning, we divide them into the overall use of literal meaning, explaining a part in other way and other kinds. There are both internal and external reasons of the changes of idioms’ meaning, for example, Chinese characters, the progress of times, Chinese language cognitive habits and cognitive psychology. This article analyzes the reasons of the usage changes from the internal structure, verb’s transitivity, the unique using effects and other aspects. The Chinese vocabulary is in the big development and big change period now, the change of idiom’s meaning and usage is one aspect of it, through statistical analysis of the above two problems we can have a more comprehensive understanding of idioms and a certain understanding of the evolution, and also we can know the difference and fusion about the idiom between the mainland and Taiwan to a certain extent.