当前我国经济社会正处在转型升级的关键时期，加快推进全面建成小康社会具有特殊意义，这也对促进公共服务高质量发展提出了更新要求，我国的医疗卫生体制随之产生了显著变化。中国各地区经济发展不平衡导致地方财政支出呈现两极分化的趋势，导致区域间可提供的医疗公共卫生服务的水平相差较大。由于不同地域之间存在着明显的空间相关性和地理特征上的差异性，因此造成我国卫生资源配置效率低下。

本文运用历史分析法和比较分析法梳理中国基本医疗公共卫生服务均等化的演进历程，总结并借鉴国际上区域间基本公共服务均等化的发展经验，对区域间基本医疗公共卫生服务的差异化进行规范分析，我国基本医疗公共卫生服务的演进历程可以划分为三个阶段，分别是低水平均衡时期、逐步失衡时期、迈向新的均衡时期，梳理中国区域基本医疗公共卫生服务均等化发展的历史主要从产生原因、政策措施、取得的成效、存在的问题、理论反思等方面进行分析。选取具有代表性的国家进行医疗公共服务案例分析，对不同类型国家在不同发展阶段中推进基本公共服务均等化的具体实践进行对比，通过借鉴国外发达国家基本医疗公共卫生服务制度经验，根据我国经济社会发展现状，不断完善基本医疗公共卫生服务制度。

文章以区域间基本医疗公共卫生服务为研究层次，构建七大地理区域31个省、市、自治区自2011年至2020年的面板数据，从公共服务差异化的视角出发，实证检验并探究影响区域间医疗公共卫生服务均等化发展的关键因素。又从公共服务均等化角度出发构建均等化评价指标体系，并采用泰尔系数、变异系数对我国2011-2020年间的公共卫生服务均等化水平进行测度，探讨七大地理区域间基本医疗公共卫生服务均等化的差异程度。在理论分析框架下，采用经验分析的方法构造计量模型，对因变量、研究变量及控制变量进行测度，探究影响区域间基本医疗公共卫生服务均等化的关键因素，以期为中国区域基本医疗公共卫生服务均等化发展提供数据支撑。

从理论分析与实证检验两方面分析影响区域间医疗公共服务均等化的影响因素，对于全面认识我国地区基本医疗公共卫生服务均等化的发展情况，推动基本医疗公共卫生服务供给效率的提高，维护社会公平正义、增进人民福祉都至关重要。缩小地区差异造成的基本医疗公共卫生服务水平差距，有助于我国今后统筹协调区域经济发展、推行医疗体制改革、对公共卫生资源进行有效配置，持续为全体人民提供更有效率、更加均衡、更为优质的公共服务，扎实推动基本公共服务均等化的进程。

At present, Chinese economy and society are in the critical period of transformation and upgrading, accelerating the building of a well-off society in an all-round way is of special significance, which also puts forward the renewal requirements for promoting the development of high quality public services, and the medical and health system in our country has undergone significant changes. The unbalanced economic development of different regions in China leads to the trend of polarization of local fiscal expenditure, leading to the great difference in the level of medical and public health services that can be provided between regions. Due to the obvious spatial correlation and the difference in geographical characteristics between different regions, the efficiency of health resource allocation is low.

This paper uses historical analysis method and comparative analysis method to review the evolution of equalization of basic medical public health services in China, summarizes and draws on the international development experience of equalization of basic public services between regions, and conducts normative analysis on the differentiation of basic medical public health services between regions. The evolution of basic medical public health services in China can be divided into three stages. They are the period of low level equilibrium, the period of gradual imbalance, and the period toward a new equilibrium. The history of the development of equalization of regional basic medical and public health services in China is analyzed mainly from the causes, policies and measures, achievements, existing problems, theoretical reflection and other aspects. Select representative countries for case analysis of medical public service, compare the specific practice of promoting the equalization of basic public service in different types of countries in different stages of development, and constantly improve the system of basic medical public health service based on the experience of foreign developed countries' basic medical public health service system and the status quo of our economic and social development.

This paper takes interregional basic medical public health services as the research level, constructs panel data of 31 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in seven geographical regions from 2011 to 2020, and empirically tests and explores key factors affecting the development of interregional medical public health services equality from the perspective of public service differentiation. From the perspective of equalization of public services, an equalization evaluation index system was constructed, and Theil coefficient and coefficient of variation were used to measure equalization of public health services in China during 2011-2020, and the difference degree of equalization of basic medical public health services among seven geographic regions was discussed. In the framework of theoretical analysis, empirical analysis is used to construct an econometric model, measure dependent variables, research variables and control variables, and explore the key factors affecting the equalization of basic medical and public health services between regions, in order to provide data support for the equalization of regional basic medical and public health services in China.

To analyze the factors affecting the equalization of medical public services between regions from the aspects of theoretical analysis and empirical test is of great importance to comprehensively understand the development of equalization of basic medical public health services in our region, promote the improvement of the supply efficiency of basic medical public health services, maintain social equity and justice, and enhance the people's well-being. Narrowing the gap in the level of basic medical and public health services caused by regional differences will help China in the future plan and coordinate regional economic development, carry out the reform of the medical system, effectively allocate public health resources, continue to provide more efficient, more balanced and better quality public services for all the people, and firmly promote the process of equalization of basic public services.