本文基于“同一性危机”理论，对 《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》和《麦田里的守望者》两部成长小说主人公成长危机的开端、过程和成长结局展开比较分析。首先，本文从“专制型”的家庭和学校教育氛围，以及主人公的叛逆精神，分析他们出走以追寻同一性探索和承诺的相似起因。其次，本文从经历、同伴和心理特征三个维度分析两位主人公走向不同成长结局的原因。最后本文指出，马克·吐温期望青少年们逃离社会茶毒，在自然中成长，成为冲击现有社会弊端，革故鼎新的先锋;而大卫· 塞林格则在纷乱沉沦的后现代社会中忧虑青少年的成长困境，倾向呼唤亦师亦友的安多里尼式的长者，为青少年平稳完成成长蜕变提供精神指引和启迪。

Based on the theory of identity crisis, this article make comparison of the developing heroes between Adventures of Huckleberry Finn" and "The Catcher in the Rye"with the start,process and outcome of development. First, referring the authoritarian educational atmosphere of family and school,as well as the "spirit of rebellion"of the both heroes, this article analyze their similar factors for leaving home in order to make exploration and commitment for identity development. Subsequently, according to the multi-dimension factors of different experience, companions and psychological features of heroes, this article analyze how these factors contribute tothe different outcome of heroes'identity development. Finally, this article points out the implied meaning that Mark Twain wished the teenager can get rid of the misguidance of adult's society, grow up in the nature, and become the pioneers who break out the social weaknesses and participate in social revolution. However,David Salinger worried about developmental straits of teenagers during post-modern society. And he hoped the seniors who are the both tutors and friends of teenagers can help teenagers accomplish their "adolescent change"peacefully and smoothly by giving them spiritual guidance and inspiration.