因果复句是汉语复句最重要的类型之一，《红楼梦》是能够反映近代汉语中期语言使用情况的代表语料，对其中的有标因果复句进行考察，有利于系统把握其基本面貌及特征，进一步健全汉语因果复句系统。目前学界相关研究较少，可深入挖掘之处较多。本文选取《红楼梦》前八十回中典型因果标记引导的因果复句，共计1364例，从句法、语义、语用、标记四个方面进行较为综合的考察。具体框架如下：

第一章，绪论。本章说明本文的研究对象、意义，对其进行综述，介绍本文的研究理论与方法、语料选择与使用。

第二章，《红楼梦》有标因果复句句法研究。本章考察《红楼梦》有标因果复句的分句结构类型以及关联标记模式。分句角度，本文将有标因果复句按照层次分为单重、多重两类，并考察它们的构成成分。研究发现《红楼梦》倾向于使用结构复杂的多重复句，且因句嵌套关系更加多元，体现出原因的高复杂性；单重复句常使用谓词性结构，且“主谓+非主谓”结构用例最多，遵循语言经济性原则与数量准则。标记角度，按照标记的数量、位置将因果复句分为居端依赖式、居中粘接式、前后配套式，发现《红楼梦》的因果关联标记模式符合联系项居中原则，且居端依赖式与前后配套式使用频率有所上升，有向现代汉语发展的趋势。

第三章，《红楼梦》有标因果复句语义层次研究。本章运用“小句连接的五个层次”理论，结合语言实际，进一步细化汉语因果复句的语义层次分类。研究发现《红楼梦》中的有标因果复句可以位于五个层次中，相对近代汉语在交际层的使用频次有所上升，同时出现了言语行为层用例，表达主观性语义的方式也更加多元化，表现出一定的主观性倾向。

第四章，《红楼梦》有标因果复句语用研究。本章选取话题、焦点作为考察对象，将因果复句的话题分为无话题、主语话题、小句话题三类，发现《红楼梦》的有标因果复句倾向于表达陈述性一致的主语话题，在分句的衔接关系上较为紧密；将因果复句的焦点分为结果焦点、原因焦点、均衡焦点三类，发现《红楼梦》的因果复句最常用来强调结果，且焦点表达手段具有强度序列。

第五章，《红楼梦》因果复句的标记研究。本章考察《红楼梦》中21个典型的因果标记，梳理其在句法、语义、语用上的使用倾向，同时观察其在特殊句式、语义韵上的表现。研究发现这些因果标记在功能上和现代汉语趋同，且有着进一步固化的趋势。

第六章，结论。本章简单总结前文，指出《红楼梦》的有标因果复句具有结构复杂化、表意主观化的倾向，并指出本研究的创新与不足之处。

The causal complex sentence is one of the most important types of Chinese complex sentence. A Dream of Red Mansions is a representative corpus that can reflect the use of language in the mid modern Chinese language. Studying marked causal complex sentences in it is conducive to systematically grasping its basic appearance and characteristics, and further improving the Chinese causal complex sentence system. However, there are few relevant studies in the academic field at present, and there are many areas for further exploration. This article selects 1364 cases of the causal complex sentence guided by typical causal markers in the first 80 chapters of A Dream of Red Mansions, and conducts a comprehensive investigation from four aspects: syntax, semantics, pragmatics, and markers. The specific content of this article is as follows:

The first chapter is the introduction. This chapter mainly explains the research object, and introduces the research significance of this article and current research situation. This chapter also introduces the research theory and methods of this article, the method of corpus selection and use.

The second chapter is a syntactic study of the marked causal complex sentence in A Dream of Red Mansions. This chapter examines the syntactic structure of clauses and the conjunction distributional patterns of marked causal complex sentences. From the perspective of clauses, this article classifies marked causal complex sentences into single-repetition sentences and multiple repetitive sentences, which in terms of quantity and level, and examines their constituent components. It is found that A Dream of Red Mansions tends to use multiple repetitive sentences with complex structures, and the reason clause can nest more complex sentences, showing a high complexity of the reason. Single-repetition sentences often use predicate structures, and the “subject-predicate structure + non-subject-predicate structure” is most commonly used, following the principle of the economics of language and the maxim of quantity. From the perspective of markers, causal complex sentences are divided into three types according to the number and location of markers: the conjunction at the end position, the conjunction in the middle and the conjunction in both positions simultaneously. It is found that the conjunction distributional patterns in A Dream of Red Mansions conforms to “the principle of relator in the middle”, and the usage frequency of the conjunction at the end position and the conjunction in both positions simultaneously has increased, indicating a trend towards modern Chinese.

The third chapter is a semantic study of the marked causal complex sentence in A Dream of Red Mansions. This chapter applies the theory of “Five Levels in Clause Linkage” to further refine the semantic level classification of Chinese causal complex sentence in combination with language reality. It is found that marked causal complex sentences in A Dream of Red Mansions can be located in five levels. Compared with modern Chinese, the usage frequency of the marked causal complex sentence in the level Ⅲ has increased. At the same time, there have been use cases in the level Ⅴ. The ways of expressing subjective semantics are also more diverse, showing a certain subjective tendency.

The fourth chapter is a pragmatic study of the marked causal complex sentence in A Dream of Red Mansions. This chapter selects topics and focus as the research objects, and divides the topics of the causal complex sentence into three categories: topic-free, subject topics, and clause topics. It is found that marked causal complex sentences tend to express the subject topic with consistent declarative nature, and it is relatively closed in the connection relationship between clauses. The focus of causal complex sentences is divided into three categories: result focus, cause focus, and equilibrium focus. It is found that the marked causal complex sentence in A Dream of Red Mansions is most commonly used to emphasize the result, and the focus expression method has an intensity sequence.

The fifth chapter is a study of typical markers of causal complex sentences in A Dream of Red Mansions. This chapter examines 21 typical causal markers in A Dream of Red Mansions, sorts out their usage tendencies in syntax, semantics, and pragmatics, and observes their performance in special sentence structure and semantic prosody. It is found that these causal markers are functionally similar to modern Chinese and have a tendency to further solidify.

The sixth chapter is the conclusion. This chapter briefly summarizes the previous text, pointing out that marked causal complex sentences in A Dream of Red Mansions tend to have complex structures and subjective expressions. It also points out the innovation and shortcomings of this study.