孔子和孟子的思想学说作为中国儒家文化的代表，对中国历史和文化的发展有着重要的意义，孔孟的思想在内容上有着直接的继承关系，但又有所不同，本文从两者道德哲学思想的继承性关系入手，探讨孔子和孟子对于人性的观点和对于政治生活的思考，从中探析孟子对于孔子思想的突破和孔孟一脉相承的道德哲学背后的儒家精神。

The thought of Confucius and Mencius as the representative of Chinese Confucian culture ，It has important significance to the development of Chinese history and culture，Confucius and Mencius’s thought has a direct inheritance relationship, but it is different.This article starts with the inheritance relationship of their moral philosophy thought,to discuss on Confucius and Mencius’s view of human nature and the thought of political life,Analysis on the breakthrough of Confucius's thought of Mencius’s,and to find Confucius Mencius inherits Confucian spirit and moral philosophy behind.