目前，中国正处于深入打好污染防治攻坚战、持续改善环境质量、建设美丽中国的关键时期，在党的二十大报告中也提出了促进人与自然和谐共生是中国式现代化的本质要求。然而，由于中国的国情复杂，环境污染问题十分严峻。一方面，中国的经济发展不能落后，这势必会有更多的自然资源消耗，产生更多的废弃物，给环境造成压力；另一方面，由于中国的能源脱碳减排技术尚且比较薄弱、循环利用效率较低、能源结构尚处转型期，使减排压力进一步增大。在这样的两难形势下，需要中国协调好二者的关系，做好两手抓工作，既要保证经济发展稳中求进，又要重视可持续发展，积极推进环境保护工作。这也提醒我们在新的发展形势下，应转变发展思路，从国情出发寻求新的减污路径。由于中国人口众多，公众参与环境保护的力量庞大，而公众参与环保意愿不一，在一定程度上取决于个体的社会经济地位。因此，从个体角度出发探究社会经济地位对环保参与意愿的影响具有重要意义。

本研究遵循“文献研究-实证分析-稳健性检验-对策建议”的思路，从公众视角出发，梳理国内外相关文献，奠定理论基础，从个体社会经济地位的角度探究其对环保参与意愿的影响，从而推进环保工作，改善环境。社会经济地位是指个体基于自身工作经历、收入水平、受教育程度等因素与其他人的经济和社会地位作比较而形成的总体衡量，本文将社会经济地位分为主观社会经济地位和客观社会经济地位，主观社会经济地位使用个体对自己的社会经济地位的评估衡量，客观社会经济地位包括个体受教育水平和收入水平两个指标。环保参与意愿是指个体根据自己对环保的认知、态度以及自身现实情况等，在环保参与中表现出的愿意为之付出努力的程度，通过询问被调查者是否愿意参加环保活动来衡量。基于中国社会状况综合调查（CSS2019）数据，剔除明显异常值后，运用普通最小二乘法和两阶段最小二乘法实证分析社会经济地位对公众环保参与意愿的影响及内在机制，为保证结论的可靠性，进一步通过ivtobit模型、分样本估计对结果进行稳健性检验，深入理解公众在参与环境保护活动过程中存在的问题及原因，提出可行性建议，促进公众提高环保参与意愿。本文从个体社会经济地位的角度探究其对环保参与意愿的影响及内部机制并进行分区域讨论，针对不同收入水平地区，探究社会经济地位对环保参与意愿的影响差异，补充了当前研究。

主要结论为：公众主观社会经济地位提高，环保参与意愿总体呈降低趋势。客观社会经济地位中，个体受教育水平对环保参与意愿的提升有积极作用，收入水平对环保参与意愿无显著影响。分地区看，高、低收入地区主观社会经济地位均负向影响环保参与意愿，高收入地区的负向影响更大。受教育水平这一因素能够使高、低收入地区环保参与意愿同步增强，而个体收入的影响并不明显。个体社会经济地位对环保参与意愿的影响主要通过环境风险感知和生活满意度两种途径传导，这两种途径均均有助于提升公众环保参与意愿。因此，要想进一步提高公众的环保参与意愿：首先，应缩小环保单元范围，激活公众效能感，着重提升中上阶层的环境治理责任认知；其次，要加强环境保护宣传教育，同步提高高、低收入地区的环保参与意愿；最后，要着力提高公众的环境风险感知和生活满意度。

At present, China is in a critical period of in-depth pollution prevention and control, continuous improvement of environmental quality, and construction of a beautiful China, and the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China also put forward the essential requirement of China's modernization to promote harmonious coexistence between man and nature. However, due to China's complex national conditions, the problem of environmental pollution is very serious. On the one hand, China's economic development cannot lag behind, which is bound to consume more natural resources, generate more waste, and put pressure on the environment; On the other hand, due to China's energy decarbonization and emission reduction technology is still relatively weak, recycling efficiency is low, and the energy structure is still in the transition period, the pressure of emission reduction has further increased. In such a dilemma, China needs to coordinate the relationship between the two and do a good job in both hands, not only to ensure steady progress in economic development, but also to attach importance to sustainable development and actively promote environmental protection. This also reminds us that under the new development situation, we should change our development thinking and seek a new path to reduce pollution based on national conditions. Due to the large number of Chinese, the power of public participation in environmental protection is huge, and the willingness of the public to participate in environmental protection is different, depending to some extent on the socio-economic status of individuals. Therefore, it is important to explore the influence of socioeconomic status on the willingness to participate in environmental protection from an individual perspective.

Following the idea of "literature research-empirical analysis-robustness test-countermeasure suggestions", this study sorts out relevant domestic and foreign literature from the perspective of the public, lays a theoretical foundation, and explores its impact on the willingness to participate in environmental protection from the perspective of individual socioeconomic status, so as to promote environmental protection work and improve the environment. Socioeconomic status refers to the overall measurement of individuals based on their own work experience, income level, education level and other factors compared with the economic and social status of others, this paper divides socioeconomic status into subjective socioeconomic status and objective socioeconomic status, subjective socioeconomic status uses the individual's assessment of their own socioeconomic status to measure, objective socioeconomic status includes individual education level and income level two indicators. Willingness to participate in environmental protection refers to the degree to which individuals are willing to make efforts in environmental protection participation according to their own cognition, attitude and actual situation of environmental protection, etc., and is measured by asking respondents whether they are willing to participate in environmental protection activities. Based on the data of the Comprehensive Survey of China's Social Conditions (CSS2019), after removing obvious outliers, the influence and internal mechanism of socioeconomic status on public willingness to participate in environmental protection are empirically analyzed by ordinary least squares method and two-stage least squares method, in order to ensure the reliability of the conclusions, the robustness test of the results is further tested through the ivtobit model and sub-sample estimation, so as to deeply understand the problems and causes of the public in the process of participating in environmental protection activities, and put forward feasible suggestions. Promote public willingness to participate in environmental protection. This paper explores the influence and internal mechanism of individual socioeconomic status on environmental participation willingness and conducts sub-regional discussions, and explores the differences in socioeconomic status on environmental participation willingness in different income levels, supplementing the current research.

The main conclusion is that the subjective socio-economic status of the public negatively affects the willingness to participate in environmental protection. With the improvement of individuals' subjective socio-economic status, the willingness to participate in environmental protection generally decreases, and conversely, their willingness to participate in environmental protection will increase. Among the objective socioeconomic status, the education level of individuals had a positive effect on the improvement of environmental protection participation, but the income level had no significant impact on the willingness to participate in environmental protection. In terms of regions, the subjective socioeconomic status of high- and low-income areas negatively affected the willingness to participate in environmental protection, and the negative impact in high-income areas was greater. The education level is a factor that can increase the willingness of high- and low-income areas to participate in environmental protection at the same time, while the impact of individual income is not obvious. The influence of individual socioeconomic status on environmental protection participation willingness is mainly transmitted through two ways: environmental risk perception and life satisfaction, both of which are helpful to enhance the public's willingness to participate in environmental protection. Therefore, in order to further improve the public's willingness to participate in environmental protection: first, we should sink the environmental protection unit, activate the public's sense of efficacy, and focus on improving the awareness of environmental governance responsibilities of the middle and upper classes; Second, it is necessary to strengthen publicity and education on environmental protection, and simultaneously increase the willingness of high- and low-income areas to participate in environmental protection; Finally, efforts should be made to improve the public's perception of environmental risks and life satisfaction.