人类对化石燃料的大量使用和在工业化方面的进步，既取得了巨大的经济效 益，也不断加剧了生态环境危机，严重影响了地球生态系统的稳定性。在全球范 围内将危害环境的罪行定为刑事犯罪迫在眉睫。生态灭绝罪作为专门应对国际严 重环境犯罪行为的概念，在经历了几十年的发展沉浮后再次焕发新的活力，重回 了公众视线焦点，受到了全球的广泛关注与讨论。

本文首先回顾了迄今为止生态灭绝罪的产生发展与相关定义的演变情况，随 之通过结合前人定义进行比较，结合具体案例进行应用等研究方法，就当前最新 的生态灭绝定义进行具体构成要件上的分析，在理论和实际应用上明确其客观要 件和主观要件的进步之处与局限性。在国际刑法的发展中，国际刑事法院及《罗 马规约》具有里程碑的意义，未来通过设立生态灭绝罪条款，起诉和审判生态灭 绝罪行，在国际社会范围内发挥预防最严重的生态灭绝行为的积极作用。本文就 当前国际刑事法院的环境保护相关条款在直接保护和间接保护方面进行分析，指 出战争罪、危害人类罪等当前国际罪行在环境保护方面存在的不足之处。随后，本文探讨了生态灭绝罪引入罗马规约可行性，阐述其有利因素和主要争议，对生 态灭绝罪的未来发展趋势和中国应对做出分析。本文在梳理已有相关研究的基础 上总结出在国际刑法上确立生态灭绝罪的两种方式：一种是在《罗马规约》中直 接增加生态灭绝罪，进而促使缔约国制定和修改本国法院，将生态灭绝罪行引入 本国相关法律，这是一种由外向内，由国际法影响到国内法的方式在全球范围内 不断推动生态灭绝罪立法的做法；另一种是通过有关国家先在本国立法和司法实 践中不断明确生态灭绝罪的定义和构成要件的关键问题，待国内立法相关条款成熟后，再在国际层面上推动修订《罗马规约》增加生态灭绝罪条款，也就是以由内向外的方式来实现生态灭绝罪的确立。

The massive use of fossil fuels and the progress of industrialization have not only achieved huge economic benefits but also continuously exacerbated the ecological and environmental crisis, seriously affecting the stability of the earth's ecosystem. There is an urgent need to criminalize crimes against the environment on a global scale. The crime of ecocide, as a concept specifically designed to deal with serious international environmental crimes, has regained its vitality after decades of development has returned to the focus of public attention, and has received widespread attention and discussion around the world.

This paper first reviews the emergence and development of ecocide and the evolution of related definitions, and then analyzes the specific constituent elements of the latest definition of ecocide by comparing them with previous definitions and applying them to specific cases, to clarify the progress and limitations of its objective and subjective elements in theory and practical application. The International Criminal Court and the Rome Statute are milestones in the development of international criminal law, and in the future, they will play an active role in preventing the worst acts of ecocide in the international community through the establishment of an ecocide clause to prosecute and try the crime of ecocide. This paper analyzes the direct and indirect protection of the current environmental protection provisions of the International Criminal Court and points out the shortcomings of current international crimes such as war crimes and crimes against humanity in terms of environmental protection. Subsequently, this paper discusses the feasibility of introducing ecocide into the Rome Statute, expounds on its favorable factors and main controversies, and analyzes the future development trend of ecocide and China's response. Based on the existing research, this paper summarizes two ways to establish the crime of ecocide in international criminal law: one is in the Rome Statute The other is to encourage state parties to enact and amend their courts to introduce the crime of ecocide into their relevant laws, which is a top-down approach to continuously promote ecocide legislation on a global scale; The addition of an ecocide clause means a bottom-up approach to the establishment of ecocide.