情绪调节能力和认知功能的恢复对于药物戒断者否能够顺利的回归正常的社会生活是至关重要的。本研究通过结合有效的行为实验范式和脑电技术，系统的探索了不同戒断期药物成瘾者情绪刺激加工、注意偏向、注意控制、奖赏与决策能力的损伤与恢复情况；同时基于情绪调节与工作记忆的交互作用，进一步考察短期的工作记忆训练对药物戒断者情绪调节能力的影响。研究结果发现：1) 海洛因成瘾者对药物无关的负性情绪刺激加工损伤较轻，对药物无关的正性情绪刺激加工存在缺陷，表现为对正性刺激的愉悦感降低，但在海洛因戒断18个月后，对正性情绪知觉加工的能力逐渐恢复。2) 经过长期的戒断，药物相关刺激对于海洛因戒断者仍然有动机、情感意义，说明长期海洛因戒断者脑内功能系统并没有完全恢复；短期药物戒断者注意控制能力存在损伤，而长期戒断后注意控制能力基本恢复。3) 毒品成瘾造成了毒品戒断者对金钱奖赏敏感性的下降，戒断4年后的长期组奖赏感知、评估和预期等能力有所恢复，但仍未恢复至正常水平。4) 长期戒断后，药物成瘾者仍然存在决策能力的损伤，在赌博选择中不能有效的根据情况作出利弊分析，非理性选择过多从而导致得分较低，显示出药物成瘾者较高的冲动性。 5) 工作记忆训练能够有效提高药物戒断者的情绪调节能力，主要表现为认知重评能力的提高，这种能力能够转变为自动的情绪调节策略有效的降低个体的负性情绪体验；而注意转移的策略不仅没有降低个体的负性情绪体验，反而有增强的趋势。

The recovery of emotion regulation and cognitive function is essential for drug abstainers’ successfully return to a normal social life. In this study, combined with behavrial paradigm and EEG technology, we explored different healing phases of drug addicts about the injury and recovery of emotional stimuli processing, attentional bias, attention control, reward and decision-making capacity. Based on interaction of emotion regulation and working memory, we further examined the impact of short-term working memory training on drug abstainers’ emotional regulation. The results are as follows:(1) Heroin abstainers have deficiencies in positive emotional stimuli processing, but not negative emotional stimuli processing. Heroin abstainers’ ability of emotional stimulus processing has improved to a certain extent with abstinence, reflected by the recovery of heroin abstainers’ ability on positive emotional stimuli processing after 18 months withdrawal. (2) After a long time of withdrawal, drug-related stimuli for heroin abstainers are still have motives, emotional significance, indicating heroin abstainers’ brain function system has not fully recovered; attentional control of short-term drug abstainers is not fully recovered, and attentional control of long-term drug abstainers is nearly recovered. (3) The sensitivity of the monetary reward was decreased by drug addiction, but the damage of rewards perception, assessment, and expectation caused by drug addiction is not permanent, but recovering from which takes a long time.(4) After long-term abstinence, decision-making ability damage still exists in drug abstainers. This damage seems to be recovered after four years withdrawal in long-term group, but not returned to normal levels yet. The behavior of all abstainers’ has higher impulsivity compared to control.(5) Working memory training can improve emotion regulation capacity of drug abstainers, mainly to improve the ability of cognitive reappraisal. This ability can be converted to automatic emotion regulation strategies to effectively reduce the level of negative emotional experience. However, the strategy of attentional shift did not decrease the negative emotional experience, but lead to a tendency to increase the negative emotional experience.