“教育为主，惩罚为辅”的轻刑化考量，即降低刑罚性考量、提高教育性考量，是我国对待涉罪未成年人的基本原则。然而，社会舆论对这一原则的态度存在分歧，而反对观点日渐浓重，可能对涉罪未成年人司法造成不利影响。本研究希望找到影响轻刑化考量的底层信念，以弥合社会舆论的割裂，优化对涉罪未成年人的司法决策。本研究假设，这一底层信念可能是道德思维设定，并通过5个子研究成功检验了道德成长型思维对轻刑化考量的促进作用。研究1验证了主效应，研究2a以成年人犯罪案例为对照，发现道德成长型思维对未成年人犯罪案例轻刑化考量的效应稳定存在且大于成年人案例。研究2b在法官群体重复研究，发现在法官群体中，道德成长型思维同样能够促进轻刑化考量，但对具体的量刑行为影响微弱。研究3a、3b以操纵范式，进一步检验效应的因果性，发现当案例造成严重后果的条件下，道德成长型思维有更大发挥作用的空间，效应量相对更大。跨研究一致地得到，道德成长型思维对教育性考量的提升作用要超过对刑罚性考量的降低作用。研究2a与研究3b共同发现，当因变量是刑罚性考量时，道德成长型思维降低内部归因，进而降低再犯可能预期，最终降低刑罚的链式中介效应成立，而当因变量是教育性考量时，可塑性的中介效应更强。研究结果启示可以对未成年人犯罪刑事案件法官开展成长型思维培训，可以通过思维设定的视角理解对轻刑化考量的大众观点差异、促进相互理解，并且侧重于从教育的角度宣传轻刑化的未成年人刑事政策。

The light-punishment consideration of “education first, punishment supplemented” for juvenile delinquents brought about divergence in public opinion. The current study hopes to find the underlying belief that affect light-punishment consideration, so as to bridge the separation of social public opinion and optimize judicial decision-making. This study successfully tested the promoting effect of moral growth mindset on light-punishment consideration through five sub studies. Study 1 verified the main effect. In Study 2a, taking adult crime cases as control, the main effect was found to be stable. In Study 2b, moral growth mindset could also promote judges’ light-punishment consideration, but it had a weaker impact on sentencing behavior. Study 3a and 3b further tested the causality of the effect. Comparing Study 3a and 3b, when the case had serious consequences, the effect size was relatively larger. Furthermore, it was consistent across studies that moral growth mindset played a more important role in promoting educational consideration than in reducing punitive consideration. When the dependent variable was punitive consideration, moral growth mindset promoted the consideration of light punishment through the chain mediating effect of reducing the internal attribution thus reducing the recidivism expectation. But when the dependent variable was educational consideration, the mediating effect of plasticity was stronger. The research results suggest that we can carry out growth mindset training for judges presiding juvenile criminal cases, understand the differences of public views on light-punishment consideration from the perspective of mindset, promote mutual understanding, and focus on the perspective of education when publicizing the criminal policy of light punishment for juvenile delinquents.