南京国民政府时期的离婚相关立法和司法活动，在中国婚姻法发展史上有着重要的地位，开启了中国保护女性在离婚中的权益的先河。本文仅从立法、司法、社会效果及影响三个角度出发，通过案例分析的形式，总结和评价南京国民政府时期离婚中女性权益保护的状况。在立法方面，1930年颁布实施的《中华民国民法•亲属编》是中国近代史上第一部实施的婚姻法。这部法典明确提出了“男女平等”、“婚姻自由”等理念，在当时社会思想尚未完全解放的情况下是一个具有极大进步意义的法典。这部法典的颁行，不仅解决了现实社会中存在的问题，而且起到了教育和宣传先进法治理念的作用，对于女性权益保护和女性自我权利意识的觉醒具有重要意义。在司法操作层面，这部法典的漏洞先后显现，如对纳妾问题的回避等。为了应对这些亟待解决的矛盾，南京国民政府司法机构编撰了大量的判例和解释例用以指导审判实践。这些判例和解释例很大程度上弥补了《中华民国民法•亲属编》的不足，缓和了社会矛盾，解决了审判中出现的难题。但是，也要看到，这些判例和解释例对旧的法律思想、风俗民情和社会现实的妥协，对立法精神的违背。另一方面，司法领域制约女性权益保护效果的因素很多，其中包括地方司法人员法律素养整体水平不高；行政统治薄弱导致判决难以执行；女性自身权利保护意识的不足；司法系统内部派系的斗争等。到南京国民政府时期，自民初以来的思想解放和立法司法实践，使得离婚开始逐渐被普通民众所接受，一般社会阶层出现了离婚数目的激增，不再像民初时期离婚者多数集中在知识分子阶层。但是应该看到这一时期离婚的原因仍然集中在“恶意遗弃”“虐待”等理由，离婚对于女性来说，仍然是不能维持基本生存条件时才做的选择，追求爱情和自由仍然是奢望。这也显示了女性生存条件的恶劣，社会对女性权益保护整体上仍然处在很不完善的状态。对于再婚的容忍程度各地表现出了很大的差异，各地的风俗民情仍然是主导是否歧视再婚女性的重要因素，法律的影响是间接和微弱的。南京国民政府时期开启了对女性权益的保护的一扇大门，从这时候起，男女在离婚权利上日趋平等，女性的财产权利和子女抚养权利逐渐得到了保护和重视。也正是由于处在萌芽时期，对于女性在离婚中权益的保护并非尽善尽美。但是瑕不掩瑜，不能因其出现的问题而抹杀对后世的婚姻立法产生的重要指引作用。

Both the legislative marriage law and judicial activities of the Nanjing National Government plays a significant role in the developing history of Chinese marriage, which chiefly stepped first in the protection of the rights of women in divorce.On a basis of not only the legislative, judicial, but social view, the paper summarized and evaluated the condition of protection of women’s rights in divorce during the period of Nanjing National Government according to case studies.On the legislative front, promulgated by the Republic of China in 1930, "Family Code" is the first marriage law in China’s modern history. This Code clearly stated "gender equality", "freedom of marriage" and other concepts, under the condition of incompletely liberated thought, which is a progressive legal code. Enactment of this Code, not only solved the problems in the real world, but educated and publicized advanced concepts. In addition, it made an indelible contribution to the protection of women's rights and the awareness of self-consciousness rights of women. Rather, on the operational level of justice, this code was out of touch with social reality, the issues of avoiding problems for concubinage and other issues, for instance. In order to resolve these conflicts, the Nanjing National Government of the Judiciary prepared a large number of precedents to guide the judicial practice, which greatly made up for the deficiency of "Family Code," alleviated social conflicts, apart of this, solved arising problems in the trial. There’s no denying that these precedents and interpretation compromised on the outdated ideas, customs and social realities. Undirected recognition of the legal status of concubinage, was one of the cases.Apart from this, the protective effect of women's rights were constrained by many judicial field factors, including the overall low level of legal literacy of local judicial officers; weak administrative rule in enforcing judgments; weak awareness of women’s rights; and also the numerous factions struggles within the judicial system. both the emancipation and legislative and judicial practices made the divorce begin to be progressively accepted by ordinary people until the age of Nanjing National Government. The number of divorce fiercely increased in general social class, no longer centralized in the intellect class. However, it is apparent that the divorce reasons of the period were still concentrated in the "abandonment" "abuse" and other similar reasons. Divorce, for women, was still based on unbearable living conditions. The pursuit of love and freedom was still a wishful thinking.By and large, the phenomenon showed the harsh living conditions of women and incomplete protection of social rights for women. Around the level of tolerance for remarriage showed great differences over customs and places, overall, discriminating against married women was a significant factor, which couldn’t be affected by the law.The protection if women’s rights during Nanjing National Government has a deep effect, because, from this time, the rights in divorce for both men and women became progressively equal, and what’s more, the rights for women's property and child support had been protected and attention gradually.Regardless of the reasons as said, it partly flawed in the protection of women rights in the divorce, but fundamentally, its effect on the future marriage legislation cannot be hidden.