近几年来，我国的应试教育愈演愈烈，已成为一个严重的教育问题和社会问题。应试教育是以提高学生分数为唯一的目标、围绕升学考试而开展教学活动的教育模式。这种片面追求分数的教育对学生、教师及社会都有严重的危害。但对应试教育的改革却举步维艰。 除了现行的高考制度的影响，应试教育还具有深厚的经济、政治、文化等社会基础。18世纪法国的启蒙思想家卢梭提出了人生而自由的人性学说，在此基础上卢梭提出了遵循自然、尊重儿童天性的自然主义教育，致力于培养在社会状态下的“自然人”。理想的教育是自然教育与社会教育的相互配合，应试教育只重视社会对人才的选拔，而忽视了学生的内在诉求。一个协调和可持续发展的社会必须有真正的教育，对应试教育的改革是时代发展的要求，这也是卢梭意义上自由人的诉求。

In recent years, China's examination-oriented education is becoming more and more common, and now it has been a serious education problem, even a social problem. The only purpose of examination-oriented education is to improving scores, all Educational activities of this education model around entrance examinations. One-sided pursuit of scores of the education is serious harm to the students and teachers, even to society. But the reform of education is very difficult. Except College entrance examination system, the examination-oriented education has deep social reasons such as economic, political and culture .Rousseau, as one of the France Enlightenment thinkers of the 18th century, puts forward his thoughts on human that “beings are born free”, on this foundation he proposes Naturalistic Education which advocates following the natural and respect for children’s nature. This education is aimed at training Natural persons in Social status. The ideal education is the perfect match between natural education and social education. But the examination-oriented education is only attaching importance to the community for the selection of personnel, and ignoring the students’ intrinsic aspirations. A Sustainable development harmonious society needs true education. The reform to examination-oriented education is the requirements of the times, and is also the demands of ‘the free man’ who is in Rousseau’ significance.