在早期文明研究中，早期国家的组织结构和管理方式是要点之一。西周王朝的权力运行方式与政治地理结构是西周史研究的重中之重。本文借助社会结构这一概念探究西周时期王畿内部区域的行政区划设置和职官结构。

在描述西周王畿、邦畿的文献中，周王畿的范围常常被以“千里”相称，这其中固然有夸耀的意味，但也有一定的史学依据。我们以周王能够有效管辖的区域作为判断王畿范围的标准，可知在西周的两都也即西方的宗周、东方的成周这两个区域之间，周王的命令可以有效下达并执行；在西周时期（至少在早中期），周王对这一区域的土地拥有着最高决策权。金文中的“周邦”一词可以用来指代王畿，也多指西周王朝；金文中“内国”一词则更符合西周王畿的内涵，具有政治地理的双重含义。

在金文记录中，在不同时期周王往往都于不同的办公场所，周王的政令下达并不会局限于宗周镐京宫室，而是围绕着镐京王都，形成了若干都邑作为辅翼的都邑行政圈。这一行政区域在金文中被记载为“五邑”，虽然金文和文献中并没有提及在西周中期就已经形成的“五邑”的具体名称，但我们仍然能够从文献记载中判断出“五邑”应是周人及其先祖所都的毕、、郑等其它都邑。宗周镐京和五邑共同构成了西周在西部王畿的行政管辖中枢。

奠是殷人安置异族的一种特殊行政区划，其含义来源于奠置异姓部族故名。周人在继承殷人领土的基础上，同时面临的问题就是殷遗民的管辖难题；承继殷制设立奠区，安置殷民贵族以为其采邑。奠内范围十分广大，西周王朝在中期开始有册封同姓贵族在奠地的记录，形成了“奠诸侯”现象。

拱卫王都、抵御畿外之敌人，部分城邑随着周王军队的长期驻戍成为具有明显军事属性的城邑。金文中称这些城邑为“师”，师以其长官称名“师某”故名。通过西周时期各师邑的分布情况来看，各个师邑的位置是有明显的层次性的。王朝中心地区的师邑，分布在王都周围，其目的是拱卫都城；王畿外缘的师邑用来作为地域入侵的第一道屏障。

在西周的王畿区域内最为基层的社会组织形态是邑，西周时期的邑没有固定的形态，根据功能的不同，邑所居的人口也迥然有别。金文中能见到若干村邑的记录，应是西周时期邑的规模最小的一类；也能见到如畿内封君的采邑记录；同时在金文记录中也有通都大邑的记载和描述，周王在这些行政中心都邑实现册命、祭祀、宴飨等国家权力行为。这些大型都邑往往设有较为完备的职官负责军事、农事、祭祀等国家事务。以邑为基础，西周王畿内被划分为若干用途不同的行政区域。行政区域、管理殷遗民的“特殊”行政区、固定的军事城邑，在加上畿内广泛分布的畿内封君的采邑，这就是西周王畿的空间结构形态。在各个不同的行政区域内，周王的政令下达、职官册命，在此基础上形成的职官体系，是西周社会结构的主要内容。

The organizational structure and management of early states are important part of the study of early civilization.As an important dynasty of the early China, the way of power functioning and political geography of the Western Zhou Dynasty are the top priority of historical research. This article uses the concept of social structure to explore the administrative divisions and official structure of Wangji's internal area in the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In the literature describing the Wangji（王畿） and Bangji（邦畿） of the Western Zhou Dynasty, the scope of the Wangji（王畿） of Zhou Dynasty is often referred to as "thousands of miles." Although there is a boasting meaning, it also has a certain historical basis. We use the area under the effective jurisdiction of the King as the criterion for judging the scope of the king. Between the two capitals of the Western Zhou Dynasty, namely the Zong Zhou in the West and Cheng Zhou in the East, Zhou Wang’s orders can be effectively issued and executed. During the Western Zhou Dynasty (at least the early and mid Western Zhou Dynasty), the king had the highest decision-making power over the land in this area. The word "Zhou Bang（周邦）" in the bronze inscriptions can be used to refer to Wang Ji, but also to the Western Zhou Dynasty. The word "internal country（内国）" in the bronze inscriptions is more in line with the connotation of the king of Western Zhou Dynasty, and has the dual meaning of political geography. Through the analysis of the word "internal country（内国）", we can gain insight into the scope of the Western Zhou Dynasty.

In the bronze records, Zhou Wang was often in different office places at different times. The king’s decree was not confined to the Zongjuhojing palace, but around the Haojingwang capital, forming a number of capital administrative circles with capitals as auxiliary wings. This administrative area is recorded as "Wuyi（五邑）" in the inscriptions, Although the inscriptions and documents did not mention what the specific name of the "Wuyi（五邑）" was formed in the middle of the Western Zhou Dynasty，however, we can still judge from the literature records that "Wuyi（五邑）" should be other cities such as Bi（毕）, Fang（），Zheng（郑）, etc. where Zhou people and their ancestors had established capitals.Gaojing of Zong Zhou and Wuyi（五邑）are together constituted the administrative center of the Western Zhou Dynasty in the western Wangji（王畿）.

Dian（奠） is a special form of administrative division for the Yin people to place different nationalities，its meaning comes from the name of the act of placing other peoples. On the basis of inheriting the territory of the Yin people, the Zhou people faced the problem of the jurisdiction of the subjects left over from the Shang Dynasty. Inheriting the system of the Shang Dynasty, this kind of administrative district was established, and the nobles left behind by the Shang Dynasty were settled, and this kind of administrative district was used as a beneficiary. Dian is a very large administrative area. The Western Zhou dynasty began to have records of canonization of nobles with the same surname in laying land, forming the phenomenon of "Dian Zhuhou（奠诸侯）".

To defend the capital and resist foreign enemies, some cities have become cities with obvious military attributes following the long-term garrison of the Zhou king's army. In the Jinwen, these cities are called "Shi（师）", and the chiefs of these cities are called " those who are called Shi（师）". Judging from the distribution of the divisions in the Western Zhou Dynasty, the positions of the divisions have obvious levels. Cities in the center of the dynasty, distributed around the capital, whose purpose was to protect the capital. The cities on the edge of the king's jurisdiction were used as the first barriers to regional invasions.

The most basic social organization form in the Wangji area of the Western Zhou Dynasty is Yi（邑）. The Yi（邑） in the Western Zhou Dynasty did not have a fixed form, and the populations of towns were quite different according to their functions. The records of several villages can be seen in the bronze inscriptions, which should be the smallest type of towns in the Western Zhou Dynasty. We can also see the historical records of cities that were divided in areas under the jurisdiction of the king. There are also records of large cities in the inscriptions of the Western Zhou Dynasty，The king issued orders, religious sacrifices, and held banquet ceremonies in these national administrative centers. These large cities often have relatively complete officials responsible for national affairs such as military affairs, agriculture, and sacrifices. Based on the town, the area under the direct jurisdiction of the king of the Western Zhou Dynasty was divided into many administrative areas with different purposes. The administrative city, the special administrative area that managed the nobles left over from the Shang Dynasty, the fixed military city, plus the widely distributed fiefs in the area under the direct jurisdiction of the king, this is the spatial structure of the kings of the Western Zhou Dynasty. In different administrative areas, the king communicated orders and rewarded officials，On this basis, the official system of the Western Zhou Dynasty was formed, which is the main content of the social structure of the Western Zhou Dynasty.