染色体畸变是生物体在染色体结构或数量上发生的变异，其中个别染色体数量的增减会导致非整倍体的形成。染色体数量的不同会导致对应位置的基因数量不同，基因数量的不同可能会使个体基因表达的强度出现差异，例如基因表达强度随基因数量增加而上升的剂量效应，或基因表达强度随着基因数量增加反而减少的反式剂量效应，因此本实验着重对导致差异发生的调控机制进行了探究。使用基因型为y; C(2L)dp; F(2R)bw（两条2号染色体融合成一条复合染色体）果蝇和正常的野生型果蝇作为实验动物，以果蝇杂交、提取胚胎RNA、RT/PCR、转录组测序作为实验方法，探究三体、单体的基因表达情况。结果显示尽管多数基因的表达水平符合预期（在三体中的转录活性低于野生型，在单体中的转录活性高于野生型），但仍然有部分基因的表达量与预期不相符甚至有相反的趋势（在三体中的转录活性比野生型提高或基本持平，在单体中的转录活性比野生型降低或基本持平）。因此基因表达的调控可能并不是单纯的剂量效应或反式剂量效应，其中还有更复杂的调节关系。

Chromosome aberration is a variation in the structure or quantity of chromosomes in an organism, in which an increase or decrease in the number of individual chromosomes can lead to the formation of aneuploidy. The difference in the number of chromosomes can lead to differences in the number of genes at corresponding positions, and differences in the number of genes may lead to differences in the intensity of individual gene expression, such as a dose effect where gene expression intensity increases with the increase of gene number, or a trans dose effect where gene expression intensity decreases with the increase of gene number, therefore, this experiment focused on exploring the regulatory mechanism leading to the occurrence of differences. Use genotype y; C(2L)dp; F (2R) bw (two No. 2 chromosomes fused into a compound chromosome) Drosophila melanogaster and normal wild type Drosophila melanogaster were used as experimental animals, and Drosophila melanogaster hybridization, embryonic RNA extraction, RT/PCR, and transcriptome sequencing were used as experimental methods; Exploring the gene expression of trisomics and monomers. The results showed that although the expression levels of most genes met expectations (with transcriptional activity lower than wild-type in trisomics and higher than wild-type in monomers), there were still some genes whose expression levels did not match expectations or even showed opposite trends (with transcriptional activity increased or almost unchanged compared to wild-type in trisomics, and decreased or almost unchanged compared to wild-type in monomers). Therefore, the regulation of gene expression may not be a simple dose effect or trans dose effect, and there are more complex regulatory relationships among them.