古诗词鉴赏是高中语文教学中的重要内容。古诗词语言高度凝练概括、表意含蓄委婉，韵律和谐、意象丰富，它通过典型形象艺术再现的方式反映生活，借助意象表达情感。对学生古诗词鉴赏能力的培养，要求语文教学中不仅要将其放在整体的阅读能力框架中解决，更要关照古诗词的文体功能和文体特点。

本文对高中生古诗词鉴赏能力现状做了问卷调查与评估，从学生、教师及人教版高中语文教材中古诗词单元的选篇及编排方式等三方面分析了高中生古诗词鉴赏能力偏弱的原因，主要是教学中缺乏“古诗词鉴赏能力构成”的理论指导，据此，基于“阅读能力”分类方式及“知、情、意、行和谐发展”的阅读评价原则，结合高中阶段学生的认知能力和古诗词文本的特点，以及课标与考纲的导向，探究高中古诗词“鉴赏能力”构成要素及培养策略。

文章认为，古诗词鉴赏能力是一项综合能力，认读理解、阅读积累、形象感知、联想想象等“智力因素”是读懂古诗词的基础；而情感感知等“非智力”因素则是体察诗人情志的关键；审美评价能力的形成是古诗词教学的最终目的。

培养高中生古诗词鉴赏能力的具体教学策略有三条：类比联想、掌握手法、细读文本，培养学生揣摩古诗词语言的能力；缘景明情、知人论世、吟咏诗韵，培养学生的“共情”能力；创设情境、作品评鉴、微写作，培养学生“诗意表达”的能力，形成良好的古诗词阅读习惯。

Appreciation of ancient poetry is an important part of high school Chinese teaching. The language of ancient poetry is highly concise and general, the meaning is implicit and euphemistic, the rhythm is harmonious, the image is rich, it reflects the life through the typical image artistic reproduction way, expresses the emotion with the help of the image. The cultivation of students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry requires that Chinese teaching should not only put it into the overall reading ability framework, but also pay attention to the stylistic functions and stylistic characteristics of ancient poetry.

This paper made a questionnaire investigation about the present situation of high school students poems appreciation ability and assessment of Chinese textbooks for high schools, teachers and students from the unit of the ancient Chinese poems selected articles and layout analysis of three aspects, such as the cause of the high school students poems appreciation ability weak, mainly is the lack of "poems" the ability in the teaching of theoretical guidance, on this basis, based on "reading" classification method and the harmonious development of "knowledge, feeling, meaning, line" reading evaluation principles, combined with high school students' cognitive ability and text, the characteristics of ancient Chinese poems as well as curriculum and examination of the guidance, to explore high school poems "flair" components and training strategy.

The article holds that the ability to appreciate ancient poetry is a comprehensive ability, and "intellectual factors" such as reading comprehension, reading accumulation, image perception, association and imagination are the basis for understanding ancient poetry. The "non-intelligence" factors, such as emotion perception, are the key to understand the poet's emotion. The formation of aesthetic evaluation ability is the ultimate goal of ancient poetry teaching.

There are three specific teaching strategies to cultivate senior high school students' ability to appreciate ancient poetry: analogy and association, mastery of techniques, and close reading of texts, so as to cultivate students' ability to understand the language of ancient poetry; Yuan jingming feelings, understanding the world, chant poetry, cultivate students' "empathy" ability; Create the situation, the work appraisal, the micro writing, trains the student "poetic expression" the ability, forms the good ancient poetry reading habit.