基础教育改革是国家教育领域长期的热点，近些年高考改革倒逼教学改革的势头凸显。随着越来越多的省份采用高考全国卷，高中历史教育界对高考历史全国卷的关注度也迅速提升。高考历史论述题是高考历史全国卷的一种开放性题型，要求考生利用相关史料和所学知识在特定的情境下借助历史学科思维和方法开展历史问题探究，从而考查考生发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力，这非常符合高中历史2017年新课标对提高学生综合运用知识解决实际问题能力的要求。 高考历史论述题一般由情境材料、设问要求、评分标准、参考答案四个部分组成，在考查历史学科核心素养方面有巨大潜力。新课标要求发挥教学评价对教学的指导作用，因而开展论述式的课堂教学、布置论述式的课后作业就具有很好的历史教学理论和实践价值。随着高考改革的推进和新课程标准的实施，高考历史论述题还将得到更加广泛的关注。 文章以学科核心素养为中心，通过对2010-2018年的高考全国卷命题进行全样本统计分析，研究高考历史论述题在高考命题中所体现的学科核心素养，进而在此基础上探讨在2017年新课标下如何考查历史学科核心素养，以及如何在教学实践中培养学生的历史学科核心素养。

Basic education reform is a long-term hot spot in the education field of our country, the reform of college entrance examination has been forcing the reform of teaching in recent years. With the national college entrance examination paper has been adopted in more and more provinces, the attention to the national history volume from high school history education circles is also rapidly rising. As an open style, the history essay tests require students to use relevant historical materials and knowledge to explore historical issues in a specific context with the help of thinking and methods of history and to present their results of discovering, analyzing and solving problems. Such features well meet the requirements of the new curriculum standard of high school history in 2017 to evaluate the core qualities of history. The history essay tests, which are composed of four parts: contextual materials, asking requirements, grading standards and reference answers, have the great potential to test the history core qualities. The new curriculum standards require the teaching evaluation to guide teaching practice. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical value for history teaching to carry out history-essay classroom teaching and arrange history-essay homework. With the reform of the college entrance exams and the implementation of the new curriculum standards, the history essay tests will receive more extensive attention. Centered on the subject core qualities, this article attempts to subject the national college entrance examination proposition 2010-2018 for statistical analysis, study how the proposition embodies the subject core qualities, and then explore how to check history core qualities under the new curriculum standards, how to cultivate history core qualities of students in the teaching practice.