改革开放近四十年来，我国刑法对市场经济的发展发挥了重要的保障作用。刑法服务于市场经济健康发展的同时，市场经济的快速发展也对传统刑法体系带来新挑战，刑法应当及时做出回应和调整以遏制破坏市场经济秩序的犯罪行为，持续地发挥为市场经济保驾护航的积极作用。当前，我国市场经济发展方式从要素驱动型向创新驱动型发展方式转型，更加注重经济高质量发展，创新成为推动我国经济发展方式转型和经济高质量发展的决定性要素。创新不仅是社会发展的第一生产力，也是实现我国现代化建设的核心动力。专利权是创新的法律载体，刑法保护专利权就是间接地保护创新。

本文在刑事一体化思想的指导下围绕专利权刑事保护不足的问题展开。通过观察和分析，发现我国专利权刑事保护存在以下几方面问题。其一，专利权刑事政策保护层面，存在着对专利权弱保护、刑事法网不严密、打击重点偏差等问题。财产权是一束权利，专利权是由多束权利组成，例如，专利申请权、专利标示权、专利独占权、专利处分权等。专利独占权是专利权最核心的一项权利，刑法仅设置一个假冒专利罪旨在保护专利标记权，忽视对其他重要权利类型的保护。其二，专利权刑事立法保护层面，存在立法不合理的问题。从规范层面看，侵犯专利权犯罪应当保护的法益是市场经济秩序和专利权主体的财产性法益。从事实层面看，假冒专利罪保护的法益是市场管理秩序和专利权主体的标记权。这表明刑事立法对专利权保护存在缺位、错位的问题。单轨制立法模式不利于发挥刑法对专利权的保障作用。其三，专利权刑事司法保护层面，存在对专利权保护虚置，刑事司法与刑事立法脱节，被害人权利救济不足等问题。究其原因，刑法之内及刑法之外的诸多因素合力导致专利权刑事保护存在缺位、错位及虚置等问题。

根据刑事一体化理论的指导及域外专利权刑事保护经验的启示，针对我国专利权刑事保护当前存在不足的问题，本文认为应当从以下几方面进行完善：其一，专利权刑事政策保护层面，应当加强对专利权强保护的基本立场，将打击重点从专利标记权转向专利独占权，适度地拓宽侵犯专利权犯罪行为的刑事法网，配置相对轻缓化、多元化的刑罚措施。其二，专利权刑事立法保护层面，应当采取行政刑法立法模式，将侵犯专利权犯罪的罪刑条款规定在《专利法》中，增设假冒专利罪的构成要件要素和专利侵权罪。根据经济犯罪特征，提升罚金刑为主刑，增设资格刑，调整法定刑配置以维持与其他知识产权犯罪相协调。其三，专利权刑事司法保护层面，应当重构传统刑事司法功能定位，推动刑事司法向能动型司法转型。采取行政刑法立法模式有利于简化司法机关对侵犯专利权犯罪案件的认定及审判活动，提升刑事司法效率。此外，根据国家知识产权专门化审判体系的改革思路，建立涉专利权民事案件、行政案件及刑事案件一体化平台，有利于构建前置法与刑事司法一体化衔接机制，强化专利权刑事自诉案件的立案、侦查、起诉及审判机制；适用认罪认罚从宽制度有利于解决被害人权利救济不足的问题。唯此，刑法才能切实走出对专利权保护不足的困境，发挥其对市场经济秩序和创新主体的法益保障功能。这是刑法立足于社会发展新阶段，贯彻国家新发展理念、构建新发展格局、确保社会主义市场经济行稳致远的应有之义。

Criminal law has played an important role in guaranteeing the development of market economy in the past forty years of reform and opening up in China. While the law serves the development of market economy healthily, the rapid development of market economy also brings new challenges to the traditional criminal law system, which urges the law to respond and adjust in time to curb the criminal acts that destroy the order of market economy, and continue to escort for the development of economy. The development mode of China’s market economy has been transformed from an elements-driven to an innovation-driven development mode, which pays much attention to high-quality economic development, and innovation has become the decisive factor to promote the transformation of economic development mode and high-quality economic development. Innovation is the first productive force of social development. Patent right is the legal carrier of innovation, protecting patent right is to protect innovation.

The paper focuses on the problem in the point of view of the criminal integration that criminal protection of patent right there are some problems as follows. Firstly, in the aspect of patent right’s criminal policy, its net is too narrow, its emphasis is deviated from the attack’s focus. According to the property rights are a bundle of rights, so the patent rights are composed of multiple rights, namely the patent-marking right, the patent-using mark right, the patent-monopoly right that includes the manufacturing right, the using right , the marketing right , the promising sell right, the importing right and so on, the depositing right that includes the transferring right, the permission right,the applying right, the transferring right of the patent application, the waiver right, etc. The patent monopoly right is the core right. The criminal law only sets up one crime, which only protects the right of the patent-marking right. Secondly, in the aspect of patent right’s criminal legislation, it exists unreasonably problem. The crime aims at protecting the market management order and the patentee’s patent-marking right. However, it should protect the marketing order and the patentee’s interest. Thirdly, in the aspect of criminal justice, it exists the problems that the patent crime keeps absent for future possible use and the disconnect between criminal legislation and criminal justice, and that the victims’ rights are insufficient relief. There are many reasons that refers the criminal law inside and outside, which synthetically have resulted in the patent right problem of criminal protection.

In the point of view of the criminal integration , to solve our Country’s current predicament of criminal patent protection, the paper takes the point that it should be improved from the following aspects: Firstly, in the aspect of patent right’s criminal policy, it should strengthen the basic position of strong protection of patent rights, it should shift the focus of the attack from the right of patent marking to the right of patent monopoly, and moderately expand the criminal law net of patent infringement, and allocate relatively mild and diversified penalty measures. Secondly, in the aspect of patent right’s criminal legislation, it should adopt the mode of administrative criminal law and stipulate the provisions of the crime of infringement of patent right in the Patent Law. Adding the constitutive elements of the crime of counterfeiting patent and the crime of patent infringement; According to the characteristics of economic crimes, fine punishment should be increased as the main punishment, qualification punishment should be added, and the allocation of punishment should be adjusted to maintain the coordination with other intellectual property crimes. Thirdly, in the aspect of criminal justice, it should reconstruct the function and orientation of traditional criminal justice and promote the transformation of criminal justice to active justice, which is the key to realizing the modernization of criminal justice. Choosing the legislative mode of administrative criminal law, the Patent Law Implementation Rules have replaced the function of criminal judicial interpretation, which is conducive to simplifying the identification and trial activities of criminal cases of patent infringement by judicial organs and improving the efficiency of criminal justice. In addition, according to the reform idea of the national intellectual property rights specialized trial system, the establishment of patent related civil cases, administrative cases and criminal cases integration platform is conducive to the construction of the preparatory law and criminal justice integration mechanism. It should strengthen the patent criminal private prosecution case filing, investigation and prosecution mechanism. Applying the system of leniency of punishment for guilty plea is beneficial to solve the problem of insufficient relief of the victim’s rights. Thus, it can make the criminal law effectively get out of the predicament of the absence and absence of patent protection, and it can protect the core rights of the patentee, the market management order and the market economic order. It’s the meaning of the criminal law in carrying out the new development idea and pattern of our country and it can ensure the stable development of the socialist market economy along the direction of the rule of law economy.