近年来我国未成年人遭受性侵害犯罪的案件屡见不鲜，引发了社会的广泛 热议和高度关注。为有效遏制和预防此类犯罪行为，本文探讨了我国性侵害未 成年人犯罪认定的现状与存在的问题，发现我国性侵害未成年犯罪主体特征为 熟人作案问题，犯罪对象特征为性侵男童问题越发严峻，犯罪手段特征为非自 然性交犯罪的出现，犯罪空间特征为通过网络实施的性侵害未成年人犯罪愈发 猖獗。总结出为了改进性侵害未成年人犯罪刑法认定规范，需要解决熟人作案 中未成年人性同意的认定问题，对性侵男童犯罪的惩罚力度不足的问题，对非 自然性交行为的认定争议进行处理问题，以及网络途径实行的性侵害行为与线 上儿童色情制品的泛滥问题。

日本的性侵害未成年人犯罪案件情势也同样严峻，近年来为了应对现实中 更加多样的犯罪问题，回应民众的修法期待，日本开始了刑事立法活性化的进 程，表现为刑事政策的严罚化以及处罚提前化，并取得了一定的进展。本文以 日本相关法律改革为镜鉴，为我国性侵害未成年人犯罪的刑法认定提出了规范 改进的建议。

本文首先阐述了我国性侵未成年人犯罪认定的司法现状和问题所在，揭示 了我国现行法律在实践中司法认定、对于男童保护以及规制网络犯罪等方面存 在的不足；其次针对诸如熟人作案高发、网络性侵犯罪日益严重等特殊问题， 结合日本修法经验将难以表达不同意的状态推定为性交不同意、提高性同意年 龄并设置合理年龄差要件、把既遂要件强奸、奸淫的外延进行合理扩张以顺应 时代变化，以及对于使用网络途径性侵害行为设置法益前置保护措施即进行处 罚提前化等具体建议对策，为构建更加完善的未成年人保护法律体系提供了可 行建议。

In recent years, the crime of sexual assault against minors in our country has continued to be prevalent, drawing extensive attention from all sectors of society. To effectively curb and prevent such criminal behavior, this paper discusses the current state and existing problems in the criminal law identification of sexual assault against minors in our country. It has been found that the characteristics of the perpetrators in these crimes are notably familiar persons, with an increasingly severe problem of sexual assault against male children. The means of committing these crimes have evolved to include non-penetrative sexual acts, and the spaces for committing such crimes have expanded with the rampant use of the internet to perpetrate assaults against minors. To improve the criminal law identification standards for crimes of sexual assault against minors, it is necessary to address issues such as the recognition of consent in cases involving acquaintances, the insufficient severity of punishment for crimes of sexual assault against male children, the disputes over the identification of non-penetrative sexual acts, as well as the proliferation of online child pornography and online sexual assault.

The situation of sexual assault against minors in Japan is equally serious. In recent years, to address the increasingly diverse criminal issues and respond to the public's expectations for legal amendments, Japan has started to revitalize its criminal legislation. This is manifested in the trend towards stricter criminal policies and earlier punishment, and certain progress has been made. Using the related legal reforms in Japan as a reference, this paper proposes suggestions for the improvement of criminal law identification for the sexual assault of minors in our country.

This paper provides an overview of the judicial status and issues pertaining to the determination of sexual offenses against minors in our country. It exposes the deficiencies within the current legal framework in terms of judicial determination, protection of male children, and regulation of online crimes in practice. Furthermore,addressing specific challenges such as the prevalence of offenses committed by acquaintances and the escalating severity of online sexual offenses, this paper draws from Japan's legislative experiences to propose viable strategies. These strategies include presuming non-consent in cases where it is difficult to express dissent, raising the age of consent and establishing reasonable age difference requirements, expanding the extension of completed offenses to include rape and sexual assault to adapt to societal changes, and implementing pre-emptive protective measures by punishing online sexual misconduct. These concrete suggestions and measures contribute to the construction of a more comprehensive legal framework for the protection of minors, providing feasible recommendations.