自20世纪90年代以来蒙古国高等教育开始由精英教育向大众教育转型。但在规模与数量方面一定进步的同时，人才培养质量和类型等方面仍然存在诸多不足，其中一个重要问题就是蒙古国高考生专业选择所面临的困境。大学的专业学习是学生毕业后走向社会从事专业工作的基础，专业选择对于学生来说意义重大，将直接影响学生未来的工作和生活，甚至会影响社会结构和整个国家的发展。但目前绝大多数考生在进行专业选择时对专业相关信息知之甚少，对自己未来的职业规划也并不明确，高考生的专业选择趋于形式化。 但大学教育是专业知识的学习 ，是学生毕业后走进社会从事专业工作的基础，特别重要。如果专业选择不科学，将直接影响学生未来的工作、生活，甚至会社会结构、国家经济的发展。 蒙古国高考生选择专业现状很值得研究，笔者通过选取首都乌兰巴托、省城和县城的三所中学的150名学生进行调查和24名学生做访谈，并对调查和访谈结果进行分析。在此基础上，总结蒙古国高考生专 业选择的现状，找出缺点和不足，并有针对的提出改善建议，希望可以帮助高考生进行高效的专业选择，促进学校的教学质量提升和对外宣传，推动国家教育体制的完善和进步。 论文分六个部分围绕研究主题“蒙古国高考生专业选择现状”进行分析阐述。 第一章是绪论，在这一部分交代了论文选题的背景内容、选题的意义、论文要研究的内容、使用的研究方法、论文研究的创新点和不足。 第二章是论文写作的理论基础，研究主题相关的研究现状。在这一部分阐述了分析论文研究的理论基础 如家庭背景理论、社会阶层理论、发展理论等。在此基础上总结梳理了高考生专业选择及影响因素的文献研究，这是论文研究的文献基础。 第三章阐述了蒙古国高考生专业选择及影响因素的调查设计，包含问卷调查和访谈调查。笔者会对问卷调查和访谈调查的结果进行整理，是论文主体分析的数据基础，增强论文研究结论的可信度和科学性。 第四章是论文的重要部分，主要是对蒙古国高考生专业选择及影响因素的调查结果分析。 第五章内容在上文分析的基础上总结蒙古国高考生志愿选报及影响因素调查结果，就专业选择现状及影响因素进行梳理，找出不足，并提出改善建议。 第六章是论文的结论。 ① 高考生专业选择的现状： 当前蒙古国高考生选择专业，省会、县城和首都的考生专业选择差别不大，以技术实用型和企业管理型居多，艺术类型专业选择较少。 调查结果来看：影响考生专业选择最大因素是个人的兴趣和爱好，其次是专业信息了解不够。考生选择专业受家庭环境影响不大，学校专业招生名额、学费和个人成绩是学生比较担心的问题。 ② 当前高考生专业选择现状存在的问题 在对调查问卷和访谈记录的结果进行分析对比的基础上，笔者发现：学生个人职业规划欠缺，对专业选择不够重视；校方、家庭和社会对专业选择信息的普及不够，尤其是校方对专业信息和学校信息的宣传不够。 ③ 基于论文的研究分析，笔者提出以下改进建议： 从校方来说，应当加强高校专业信息的宣传，改变大学和考生信息不对称现状；高中学校应当增设专业选择指导而课程，做好高中到大学的衔接，帮助考生选择适合的专业；从家庭和社会角度：应当加强专业信息方面的宣传，如开设讲座，通过媒体如广播、电视进行普及，让更多加家长、学生了解基本的专业知识；从学生个人角度，应当提高专业选择意识，重视专业选择，努力学习，提高成绩；有机会多到各大学实地考察，进行走访，积极参与各类讲座，了解专业知识，找到与个人兴趣匹配的专业。 希望论文的研究可以帮助高考生的专业选择，也能对专业选择现状的改善有帮助作用。

Mongolia is a country that attaches great importance to education. Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1921, Mongolia's educational undertakings have been greatly developed with the vigorous support of the national government. With the gradual establishment and improvement of the educational system, higher education has been popularized from elite education to the general public. Mongolia has made remarkable achievements in the development of education, but there are also many problems. The author chooses "the present situation of college entrance examination candidates'professional choice" as the research topic, because the author has experienced the professional choice of college entrance examination personally and knows the predicament of Mongolian college entrance examination candidates' professional choice at present. The vast majority of college entrance examinees know little about the relevant knowledge and information of their majors when choosing their majors, and their future career planning is not clear, which makes the professional choice of college entrance examinees tend to be formalized. However, university education is the study of professional knowledge, which is the basis for students to enter the society and engage in professional work after graduation, especially important. If the choice of specialty is not scientific, it will directly affect students'future work and life, and even social structure and national economic development. The present situation of Mongolian college entrance examinees'choosing majors is worth studying. The author selected 150 students from three middle schools in the capital Ulan Bator, provincial and county towns to conduct an investigation and 24 students to conduct interviews, and analyzed the results of the investigation and interviews. On this basis, it summarizes the current situation of Mongolian college entrance examinees'professional choice, finds out the shortcomings and shortcomings, and puts forward some suggestions for improvement, hoping to help college entrance examinees make efficient professional choice, promote the quality of teaching and external publicity, and promote the improvement and progress of the national education system. The paper is analyzed and elaborated from six parts. The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the background, significance, content, research methods, innovations and shortcomings of the paper. The second chapter is the theoretical basis and research status. In this part, it elaborates the theoretical basis of the analysis paper, such as family background theory, social stratum theory, development theory and so on. On this basis, it summarizes and combs the literature research on college entrance examination candidates'professional choice and influencing factors, which is the literature basis of the paper research. Chapter three elaborates the survey design of Mongolian college entrance examination candidates'professional choice and influencing factors, including questionnaire survey and interview survey. The author will sort out the results of the questionnaire survey and interview survey, which is the data basis of the main body analysis of the paper, and enhance the credibility and scientificity of the research conclusions. Chapter IV is an important part of the paper, mainly on the Mongolian College Entrance Examinees'professional choice and the impact factors of the survey results analysis. The fifth chapter summarizes the results of Mongolian college entrance examination candidates'voluntary selection and influencing factors on the basis of the above analysis, combs the current situation of professional selection and influencing factors, finds out the shortcomings, and puts forward suggestions for improvement. Chapter six is the conclusion of the paper. ① The current situation of college entrance examination candidates'professional choices: At present, Mongolian college entrance examination candidates choose their major. There is little difference between provincial capitals, counties and capitals in their choice of major. Most of the candidates choose practical technology and enterprise management, while the candidates choose fewer art majors. The survey results show that the biggest factor affecting candidates'professional choice is their personal interests and hobbies, followed by insufficient understanding of professional information. Candidates'choice of major is not affected by family environment. The number of admissions, tuition fees and individual performance are the major concerns of students. ②Existing Problems in Current College Entrance Examinees'Professional Choice On the basis of the analysis and comparison of the results of the questionnaire and interview records, the author finds that the students'personal career planning is insufficient and their professional choices are not paid enough attention to; the popularization of professional choices information by the school, family and society is insufficient, especially the publicity of professional information and school information by the school is insufficient. ③ Based on the research and analysis of the paper, the author puts forward the following suggestions for improvement: From the school side, we should strengthen the propaganda of professional information in Colleges and universities, change the asymmetric information status of universities and candidates; high schools should add professional selection guidance and courses, do a good job in linking high schools to universities, and help candidates choose suitable majors; from the perspective of family and society, we should strengthen the propaganda of professional information, such as opening lectures, entering through the media such as radio and television. Popularize and let more parents and students know the basic professional knowledge; from the students'personal point of view, we should enhance the awareness of professional choice, attach importance to professional choice, study hard and improve performance; have more opportunities to visit universities on the spot, make visits, actively participate in various lectures, understand professional knowledge, and find a major that matches personal interests. It is hoped that the research of this paper can help college entrance examinees to make their professional choices and improve the current situation of their professional choices.