本文采用理论与案例分析相结合的方法，从产权制度理论和公司治理理论的角度出发，充分论证了农村信用社股份制改革对促进农村金融发展及农村商业银行健康成长的重要意义。本文首先对农村信用社的性质及特点进行了介绍，对农村信用社存在的历史问题进行了深入剖析，目前其主要存在法人治理结构不完善、市场目标定位不准确及历史遗留包袱严重等问题，探究其中的内外部原因，我发现产权制度缺陷、行政干预过度、竞争机制缺乏、不良资产比例偏高及风险意识较差及我国信用机制的缺失等情况是导致农村信用社上述问题的主要原因。由此，我分析了股份制改革对农村信用社的重要性及发展意义，对股份制和合作制两种不同的产权制度方式进行了比较，充分论证了股份制在金融企业发展，尤其是农村金融经济的发展方面的优势。结合山东省莱州市农村信用合作社向股份制农村商业银行的转变过程，我对农村商业银行的概况与组建条件进行了概述，并对转型后的莱州市商业银行经营方式进行了调研分析，并针对其面临的股东结构、地域限制、金融服务薄弱、内控机制滞后及人员素质较低等问题进行了研究，为莱州市商业银行继续深化股份制改革提出了建设性意见。

From the perspective of property system theory and corporate governance theory, this paper explains the significant meanings of joint stock system for the healthy development of the rural finance, especially for the rural commercial bank, with the method combining theory with case study. The paper makes an introduction of the character and specialty of rural credit cooperatives. Based on analysis of the remaining problems from history, the paper pointed out that the main problems of Laizhou Rural Credit Cooperative exist in the improper corporate governance structure, inaccurate market positioning and some of the historical issues. Inquires about the internal and external reasons, it is found that the main reasons causing the problems above are the vacancy of the property right system, excessive administrative intervention, lacking competition system, high ratio of the bad loan and so on. Based on the problems and reasons, this paper analyzes the significance of the joint stock reform for the rural credit cooperatives and compares the joint stock system with the cooperative system and draws the conclusion that the joint stock system has superiority in the finance field, especially the rural banking system. Combined with the case of Laizhou Rural Credit Cooperative, this paper describes the route and the condition of the reform for rural credit cooperatives, and makes a deep research on the running of the bank after its reform. Based on the course of the study on the problems about shareholder structure, geographical restrictions, weak financial Services, low quality of personnel and so on, the last part of the paper displays several suggestions and advices for the further joint stock system reform of the Laizhou commercial bank.