专业建设是构建人才培养体系的基础。高职院校专业建设缺乏与区域经济、行业之间的互动，是我国高职院校在专业建设过程中的一个严峻问题。本研究试图从理论与实践两个层面，在宏观、中观、微观三个层次上对基于区域经济、行业、院校互动的高职专业建设问题进行解构，并结合社会交换理论、教育供求理论和教育选择理论建立理论分析模型，从多个层次和视角分析不同主体间的影响因素与互动机制。宏观层次的研究主要分为两个方面。首先，从历史发展的维度梳理了自改革开放以来的我国高职专业建设的状况，对我国高职专业目录基本分类变化情况、高职专业数量分布变化情况和高职专业大类分布结构情况进行了细致的分析。研究认为目前我国高职专业建设突破了传统的学科体系分类方式，将职业岗位群或技术领域作为主要分类依据；以就业为导向，充分体现高职产学合作特点，实行双证书教育；以专业类构建公用课程平台，实现教育资源共享；专业建设采用信息化和标准化的手段，宏观调控与动态调整相结合；以专业教育指导委员会为核心，同行交流不断加深，高职专业的社会效应逐步提升等特色。但同时也存在专业设置不适应市场需求的变化，专业建设目标与高职人才培养目标不匹配，具体院学校的某些专业设置缺乏科学性和规范性，专业设置与产业发展不对接等一系列宏观问题。其次，从理论分析的视角深入研究了我国高等职业教育专业建设与区域经济发展的互动关系。区域经济的产业结构、技术结构与高等职业教育的专业结构和专业层次结构之间存在着交换、合作、冲突、竞争和强制等五种最主要的互动方式。其中，高等职业教育专业建设与区域经济互动是一种决定与被决定，引导与被引导，带动与被带动，服务与被服务的关系，是一种强制的互动形式。但是在两者的互动关系之中，交换互动方式与强制共同存在。一方面，区域经济为高等职业教育的专业建设提供人力和物力支持，是高等职业教育专业建设的物质基础。另一方面，高等职业教育本身具有促进区域经济的经济功能，高等职业教育的专业建设为区域经济发展提供技术支持和人才支持，能够优化劳动力素质结构、促进区域经济的技术创新发展和促进区域经济产业结构优化升级。当前，在我国高等职业教育专业建设与区域经济互动中存在着包括互动主体目标不一致、互动缺乏前瞻性、互动机制不稳定等方面问题。中观层次主要是研究行业企业与高职院校在专业建设过程中的互动关系。在行业人才结构与专业人才结构、行业标准与专业课程结构体系、行业与专业教学实践体系等互动主体间，合作、交换、强制的关系共同存在。合作式互动主要表现高职院校专业建设和行业一起努力共同培养高等技术人才。强制性互动表现为行业人才结构决定高职专业结构、专业课程结构体系的建构。在市场经济的作用下，高等职业院校必须以市场为导向，在区域经济发展的大背景下，高等职业教育要服务于区域经济，就必然要服务于区域经济内的行业和企业。但是这种强制并不是单方面存在，一方面行业和企业将自己的需求强加于高等职业院校，争取实现利益最大化；另一方面，行业企业也在适应高等职业教育和高等职业院校的技能和就业教育，在行业企业与高职院校互动的专业建设过程中，双方各取所需，相互交换，共同发展。现实来看这些合作问题主要表现合作式互动层度不深、交换式互动的回报度不够、强制式互动强制力度不足三个方面。微观层次则通过分析专业建设过程中高职院校间及其内部因素间互动机制，深入研究高职院校校际之间、专业之间、专业群之间、专业建设与校园文化之间存在着合作与竞争的互动关系。处理得好，合作与竞争都能促进高职专业建设，处理不好就会造成负面效应。当前我国高职院校专业建设与高职院校内部因素间互动就还存在着合作式互动载体、主题、目标不一致、合作式互动资源不共享、竞争性互动同质化严重等亟待解决的问题。最后，在三个层次研究的基础上，运用理论模型与实践的有机结合，构建了一个全新的区域经济、行业与高职院校专业建设互动的立体模型。该模型以区域经济、行业、专业建设、高职院校四者为互动主体，以专业建设为核心，以合作、交换、强制、竞争、冲突等作为互动方式，与传统的互动模型相比，具有互动主体更多元、互动方式更直接、互动形态更多样等特点。此外，通过模型的政策适应性分析为高职教育专业建设探索出了一条可行的路径。

The interaction between the specialty construction in Higher Vocational Colleges and region economy and industry is lack at present in our country. It is a serious problem that developing the vocational specialty construction isolated in the process of professional construction in Higher Vocational Colleges in China. This study based on the interaction between the regional economy, industry and Higher Vocational Colleges deconstructs the Specialty Construction problem from the macro level, medium level and micro level. Besides, based on the social exchange theory, this study analyzes the interactive mode of different subjects on the three different levels.On the macro level, this paper describes the specialty construction situation since the reform and opening up from the dimension of history development of the construction of our country's higher vocational education, and analyzes the specialty in Higher Vocational Education of our country basic classification directory changes, changes in the situation of higher vocational specialty distribution amount of our country and our higher vocational specialty distribution structure in detail. This paper argues that the present construction of Higher Vocational Specialty in China showed a breakthrough in traditional classification of discipline system considering the occupation post group or technology as the main basis for classification; Taking the employment as the guidance, specialty construction fully embodies the characteristics of higher vocational education cooperation, implements double certificates education; constructs public course platform with professional class to realize the sharing of educational resources. And standardization of information by means of specialty construction, the macroeconomic regulation and control and the dynamic adjustment combined with professional committee; education as the core, peer exchange continues to deepen, the social effect of Higher Vocational Professional gradually upgrade features. It is also on the macro level that this paper analyzes the interactive relationship between the construction of Higher Vocational education and regional economic development in China. There are existing five major interaction modes between industrial structure of regional economy and the higher occupation education, professional hierarchy structure of regional economy and the higher occupation that are cooperation, competition and conflict, enforcement. Among them, the relationship between the higher occupation education and regional economic interaction is to decide and to be decided, guide and be guided, drive and be driven, serve and be served, which is a kind of mandatory form of interaction. However, compulsion interaction does not exist in these two subjects alone, but exchange interaction coexists with compulsion interaction. On the one hand, regional economy provides the manpower and material support for professional development in the higher occupation education, which is the material basis of the specialty construction in higher vocational colleges; On the one hand, the higher vocational education has the economic function of promoting the regional economy. The special construction of higher occupation education provide technical support and personnel support for regional economic development; it can optimize the quality structure of labor force, promote technology innovation of regional economy, as well as the industrial structure optimization and upgrading of regional economy.On the medium level, this study makes a research on the interaction between the enterprise and higher vocational colleges in the process of constructing specialty. Specifically, cooperation, exchange, an enforced relationships exist interaction between subjects among the interactive subjects, such as, the industry personnel structure and professional talent structure, industry standards and professional curriculum structure, industry and professional practice teaching system. Cooperative interaction mainly means specialty construction in Higher Vocational Colleges and industry working together to cultivate higher technical talents. Mandatory interactive performance is that industry personnel structure decides the professional structure of higher vocational curriculum structure, and the construction of professional curriculum includes training objectives are based on industry standards. By the effect of market economy, the higher vocational colleges must take the market as the guidance; under the background of regional economic development, the higher vocational education have to serve the regional economy, therefore the executor of higher vocational education, the higher vocational colleges, must serve the regional economy—industry and enterprises. However, the force is not unilateral. On the one hand, industries and enterprises will demand higher occupation colleges on their own and get the maximum benefit from it; on the other hand, the industry enterprises are also adapted to skills and employment education in higher occupation education and higher occupation colleges. In the process of specialty construction between the industry and vocational colleges, each side takes what he needs, mutual exchange to achieve a win-win situation and to realize common development. From the theoretical analysis, the construction industry enterprises and professional interaction in higher vocational colleges run well, but there are many problems in reality, the cooperative interaction layer is not deep, exchange interaction in return is not enough and lack mandatory interactive force. On the micro level, in the process of specialty construction, the internal factors of higher vocational colleges also have interaction. The interaction relationship cooperation and competition exists among higher vocational colleges, specialties, professional groups and specialty construction in higher vocational colleges and the construction of Campus culture. Cooperation and competition can promote the construction of specialty of higher vocational education. If this relationship can be handled properly, it can promote the specialty construction in higher vocational colleges; otherwise, it will cause negative effect. However, there are also some problems existing in the specialty construction, such as the cooperative interaction vector and theme are inconsistent cooperative; interactive resources are not sharing and homogenization of interactive competition is serious. In order to solve the above problems, this paper constructs a new three-dimensional interactive model of regional economic, professional construction industry and higher vocational colleges. In this model, regional economy, industry, specialty construction in higher vocational colleges are acting as the main interaction subjects; professional construction is the core; cooperation, exchange, compulsory, competition, conflict are interactive way. Compared with traditional interactive model, this model has the following advantage: interactive subjects are more diverse, interactive mode is more direct, and interactive forms are also more than before, etc. In addition, by the model policy adaptability analysis, this study is trying to explore a proper way for the specialty construction of higher vocational education.