近些年来，会话研究开始受到语言学界的广泛关注，会话分析作为话语分析的一个分支，也产生着日益重要的影响，越来越多的专家学者开始投身于这一研究领域，来揭示会话的基本结构和规则。本文运用国外的会话分析理论，梳理了国内有关汉语会话结构和外语教学的研究成果，并在此基础上，以对外汉语高年级会话课堂上教师和学生的会话为语料，通过对现场课堂录音的语料转写，从中选取20例来分析对外汉语高年级会话课堂的话语结构，从而从话轮的角度总结出对外汉语高年级课堂会话中话轮转换的特点及存在的问题，并分别从教师和学生的角度，阐述出现这些特点的原因。然后通过对汉语日常会话语料的收集，从中选取普通日常会话语料83例、电视谈话类节目语料55例，归纳总结出汉语日常会话中的话轮技巧，并依据国家对外汉语领导小组办公室《高等学校外国留学生汉语教学大纲》的要求，提出高级阶段的留学生应该掌握哪些话轮技巧进行言语交际，并与互动教学相结合，探讨话轮的组织和转换与互动教学之间的关系，并基于话轮的角度提出了我们的教学设想，希望能给目前对外汉语高年级会话课的教学提供借鉴和参考。

From these years, linguists pay more attention to the conversation research. As a branch of discourse analysis, conversation analysis plays a very important role. More and more experts and scholars were committed to this field. They want to describe the basic structures and rules in real conversations.This thesis uses the foreign theories of conversation analysis, concluding the researches for the structure of Chinese conversation and the foreign language teaching. And with this basis, we conclude the characteristics and problems of the turn-taking in advanced conversation classes by the transcriptions of 20 language materials. Moreover, we discuss the reasons for these characteristics from the different angle of teachers and students.