消防员是世界上公认最为复杂危险的职业之一，作为同老百姓贴得最近、联系最紧密的队伍，在全世界都备受民众尊敬，在我国更是被称为“最美逆行者”。2018年，我国公安消防部队退出现役制，转制为职业化应急救援队伍，承担的职能向综合应急救援的方向发展，面临处理的危机更多、灾种更全、任务更复杂，成为了我国应急救援的主力军和国家队。与此同时，消防员这个职业面临的困难、压力和挑战骤然增加。在这样的大背景下，对消防员群体面临的职业转换压力进行研究具有重要意义。

本研究探讨以下三个问题：一是结合消防队伍改革转制的大背景，从消防员视角看职业转换带来了哪些变化。二是探讨职业转换给消防员带来了哪些压力。三是研究消防员采用了哪些方式来应对职业转换压力。

本研究采用扎根理论研究方法（Grounded Theory），以经历改革转制的消防员为研究对象，通过访谈收集资料，经过分析后得到如下结论：

（1）消防员在改革转制过程中感受到的变化主要有与环境有关的变化和与个人有关的变化。其中与环境有关的变化包括组织结构变革、工作负荷增加、组织环境改变以及政策尚未明确。与个人有关的变化有职业认同感降低、职业前景改变。

（2）面对职业转换带来的变化，消防员体验到的压力有当下的心理不平衡和未来的不确定。当下的心理不平衡包括获益减少、期待落空和投入增加；未来的不确定包括终身职业发展的迷茫和长期平衡生活的挑战。

（3）面对职业转换带来的压力，消防员采用了反应性应对和前瞻性应对两种应对策略。反应性应对包括调节适应、使用人际支持、支持家庭、增加认同、调整情绪、退避幻想；前瞻性应对是指进行生涯规划。

Firefighting is recognized as one of the most complicated and dangerous careers around the world. As the guards of people, firefighters have the closest connection with the ordinary people’s life and enjoy high respect all over the world. In China, firefighters even gain the reputation of “heroes who run back”. In 2018, the Chinese Armed Police Fire Fighting Force （CAP fire fighting force） was discharged from active service system and became a part of the Ministry of Emergency Management of the People's Republic of China, serving as the main force of the emergency rescue in China. Since then, the CAP fire fighting force has turned to undertake the responsibility of comprehensive emergency rescue, and would be faced with more dangerous situations, more types of fire disasters, and more complex tasks. Accordingly, firefighters are confronted with more difficulties, stress, and challenges. In this context, it is of great significance to explore the pressure of career transition faced by firefighters.

This study investigated the following three issues. First, against the background of the institutional reshuffle of CAP fire fighting force, we explored the changes brought about by career transition from the perspective of the firefighters. Second, we discussed the stress that arose from the career transition for the firefighters. Third, the approaches that the firefighters adopted to cope with the stress of career transition was investigated.

Adopting Grounded Theory Approach, this study collected data by interviewing firefighters who have experienced the career transition, and reached the following three conclusions:

（1） The changes that firefighters experienced in the process of institutional reshuffle can be divided into environmental changes and individual changes. The environmental changes include the transformation of organizational structure, increasing working load, changes in organizational environment, and unspecified policies. The individual changes include decreased professional identity and altered career prospects.

（2） Being faced with the changes arose from career transition, the stress that firefighters suffered from include a sense of imbalance for present and uncertainty for the future. The imbalance for present is due to the reduced profits, failed expectations and increased investment, while the uncertainty for the future results from the confusion about lifelong career development and the challenges to balance career and life in a long-term basis.

（3） In order to cope with the stress arose from career transition, the firefighters adopted two approaches, namely the reactive approach and the proactive approach. The reactive approach includes accommodating to the situations, seeking interpersonal support, supporting the family, cultivating professional identity, adjusting emotions, and withdrawing illusions. The proactive approach refers to career planning.