在詹姆斯·乔伊斯（James Joyce）的小说《死者》（The Dead）中，孤独是一个重要的主题。尽管加布里埃尔（Gabriel）和格雷塔（Gretta）在一起，但他们都要忍受孤独，无法跨越孤独造成的内心鸿沟。然而，与这部小说的现有主题研究不同，本论文与欧内斯特·海明威（Ernest Hemingway）的《老人与海》进行了比较分析，聚焦于孤独的不同表现形式。

本论文分析了这两部作品中孤独的不同表现形式。第一部分探讨了孤独感产生的原因。第二部分探讨了这两部作品中用来描绘孤独的写作手法，包括象征手法、意识流等。本论文采用Fromm的孤独理论，通过对人物孤独的详细解读，旨在揭示作品中孤独感更深刻、更全面的理解。

In James Joyce’s novel The Dead, loneliness is a significant theme. The main characters, Gabriel and Gretta, each endure solitude, unable to bridge the inner chasms of loneliness despite being together. However, unlike the existing thematic study of this novel, this thesis provides a comparative analysis with Ernest Hemingway’s The Old Man and the Sea centering on the different manifestations on loneliness.

This thesis analyzes the different manifestations of loneliness respectively found in the two works. Part one explores the causes of the emergence of the feeling of loneliness. Part two examines the writing techniques used to depict loneliness in the two works, including symbolic techniques, stream of consciousness. This thesis adopts Fromm’s theory of loneliness by giving a detailed interpretation of the characters’ loneliness with the aim of unveiling a more profound and comprehensive understanding of the senses of loneliness in the works.