中国、日本、韩国三国同属于东亚儒家文化圈，在文化上长期相互影响，在数学文化上存在着联系，且在高考制度上存在共性，具有借鉴的价值。因此本文选择对比中国、日本、韩国三个国家的高考数学试题，希望为我国未来高考数学的命题ᨀ供一定的参考。本文采用改进后的综合难度系数模型，对中、日、韩三个国家 2023 学年度高考数学题从“背景因素”、“认知水平”、“推理能力”、“运算水平”、“知识含量”、“是否含参数”、“思维方向”和“问题梯度”这八个维度进行比较研究，通过比较分析得出以下结论：在试题综合难度上，中国在三个国家中最高；日本与韩国更重视问题情境性；中国对运算水平更加重视；韩国高考试题“思维方向”难度偏低，中、日更重视逆向思维的培养；日本更重视问题之间的联系。对未来高考的命题给出以下建议：命题可更重视问题的情境性；命题可更重视问题的连续性；命题对学生各方面能力的考察可更加均衡。

China, Japan, and South Korea, as three countries belonging to the East Asian Confucian cultural circle, have long been influencing each other culturally, including in the realm of mathematical culture. Moreover, they share commonalities in their college entrance examination systems, thus presenting valuable opportunities for cross-cultural comparisons.

This study aims to compare and analyze the mathematics examination questions from the 2023 academic year in these three countries, utilizing an improved comprehensive difficulty coefficient model. The analysis is conducted across eight dimensions, including background factors, operation level, reasoning ability, computational proficiency, knowledge content, presence of parameters, thinking direction and question gradient. The findings indicate that China exhibits the highest overall difficulty level among the three countries; Japan and South Korea place greater emphasis on contextualization within problem scenarios; China prioritizes computational proficiency; South Korean examination questions demonstrate lower difficulty levels in terms of thinking direction, with China and Japan emphasizing the cultivation of reverse thinking; Japan places greater 3 emphasis on the interconnectedness of problems. Based on these findings, recommendations for future test item development are proposed: greater consideration of contextualization and continuity of problems, as well as a more balanced assessment of students' various abilities.