自然灾害是人类所依赖的自然界中发生的异常现象，给人类社会带来直接经济损失和人员伤亡，影响社会稳定和可持续发展。联合国在《Human cost of disasters：An overview of the last 20 years 2000-2019》报告中称，2000年至2019年二十年期间，全球共发生7348起重大灾害事件，其中自然灾害事件占4212起，影响人数超30亿人，经济损失约1.63万亿美元。我国是世界上自然灾害最严重的国家之一，近20年来我国共发生577起灾害事件，影响了超过17亿人口，造成了巨大经济财产损失。因此，加强自然灾害的预防和控制已成为人类生存和发展面临的一个重要问题。通过开展自然灾害综合防治区划，并为自然灾害综合防治规划决策提供科学依据，对于保护当地人民群众的生命财产安全和促进经济可持续发展具有重要意义。

本文以1981年-2010年的气象数据和部分社会经济数据为基础数据，研究西乌珠穆沁旗主导自然灾害——旱灾和雪灾，通过构建指标体系，包括雪灾危险性分布、旱灾危险性分布、年末人口分布、地区GDP分布、土地利用类型分布以及年末牲畜分布，并选用灰色关联度分析法计算出各指标因子的权重，最终利用ArcGIS叠加分析功能划定出西乌珠穆沁旗自然灾害综合防治区划图，主要划分为4个级别：一级重点防治区、二级重点防治区、一般防治区和非防治区，并结合当地实情有针对性地提出自然灾害防治措施。本文最终得到如下成果：西乌珠穆沁旗主导灾种——旱灾和雪灾危险性等级区划图、西乌珠穆沁旗承灾体脆弱性等级区划图以及西乌珠穆沁旗自然灾害防治区划图。研究结果表明，需要重点加强中部地区、南部地区的旱灾和雪灾的灾害防治，建立应对自然灾害的防灾减灾服务体系，完善地区自然灾害保险制度，增强地区灾害风险的综合减灾救灾能力，保护当地人民的生命财产安全、促进当地经济可持续发展。本文在前人研究基础上，尝试选取两类灾害——雪灾和旱灾作为研究区主导灾种，并通过灰色关联分析法综合分析研究区自然灾害防治区划，但最终研究结果受到数据收集和处理的局限，故后续仍需改进和完善。

Natural disasters are abnormal phenomena that occur in the natural world on which mankind depends, which bring direct economic losses and casualties to human society, and affect social stability and sustainable development. The United Nations stated in the "Human cost of disasters: An overview of the last 20 years 2000-2019" report that between 2000 and 2019, a total of 7,348 major disasters occurred globally, of which 4,212 were natural disasters. More than 3 billion people were affected, and the economic loss was approximately US$1.63 trillion. my country is one of the countries with the worst natural disasters in the world. In the past 20 years, there have been 577 disasters in my country, affecting more than 1.7 billion people and causing huge economic and property losses. Therefore, strengthening the prevention and control of natural disasters has become an important issue facing human survival and development. Through the development of comprehensive natural disaster prevention and control zoning, and providing a scientific basis for the comprehensive prevention and control planning and decision-making of natural disasters, it is of great significance to protect the life and property safety of the local people and promote sustainable economic development.

This paper uses meteorological data and some socio-economic data from 1981 to 2010 as basic data to study the dominant natural disasters in Xi Ujimqin Banner-drought and snow disasters. By constructing an index system, including snow disaster risk distribution and drought risk distribution , Population distribution at the end of the year, regional GDP distribution, land use type distribution and livestock distribution at the end of the year, and the gray correlation analysis method is used to calculate the weight of each index factor, and finally the natural disasters in Xi Ujimqin Banner are delineated by the overlay analysis function of ArcGIS The comprehensive prevention and control zoning map is divided into 4 levels: first-level key prevention and control area, second-level key prevention and control area, general prevention and control area and non-prevention and prevention area, and put forward natural disaster prevention and control measures in accordance with local conditions. This article finally got the following results: Xi Ujimqin Banner Dominant Disasters—Drought and Snow Disaster Risk Level Zoning Map, Xi Ujimqin Banner Hazard-bearing Body Vulnerability Level Zoning Map, and Xi Ujimqin Banner Natural Disaster Prevention and Control Zoning map. The research results show that it is necessary to focus on strengthening the prevention and control of drought and snow disasters in the central and southern regions, establish a disaster prevention and mitigation service system to respond to natural disasters, improve the regional natural disaster insurance system, enhance the comprehensive disaster risk reduction and relief capabilities of the region, and protect the local area The safety of people’s lives and property and the promotion of the sustainable development of the local economy. Based on previous studies, this paper attempts to select two types of disasters—snow disasters and droughts—as the dominant disaster types in the study area, and comprehensively analyze the natural disaster prevention and control zoning of the study area through the gray correlation analysis method, but the final research results are subject to data collection and processing. Limitations, so follow-up still needs to be improved and perfected.