《普通高中生物学课程标准》(2017 版)的出台标志着我国高中生物教学迈入一个新的阶段，教学过程中以生物大概念为框架，培养学生的学科核心素养为任务的高中生物教学被正式推广开来。同时表观遗传也作为一个新的概念加入“遗传与进化”课程模块中，为高中的遗传学教学带来了新的内容和挑战。本文以课标“遗传与进化”模块概念性知识框架为基础，从生命的延续性的观念出发，从表观遗传学发展过程和作用机制等角度剖析其中蕴含的核心概念，即表观遗传为不涉及碱基序列变化的可遗传变异，其过程中涉及多种分子调控机制。以此为判断标准对课本不同例子进行对比分析，明确无论 DNA 甲基化、组蛋白修饰还是 RNA 干扰都是一种调控机制，真正的表观遗传需要代际之间的传递。结合关于教师以及准教师群体的表观遗传概念认知情况问卷了解现阶段高中生物的表观遗传教学情况，发现教师对于概念理解模糊，主要表现为缺乏对表观遗传的遗传性的正确认知。本文强调了教学中概念剖析的重要性，在明确表观遗传中核心概念的理解方法方面进行了探索，有助于师生解决表观遗传教学中存在的问题，推动高中生物学教学的发展。

    The introduction of normal high school curricula for biology（2017 edition） marks that high school biology teaching has entered a new stage. In the teaching process, the teaching of the key concept of biology as the framework and the task of cultivating students' core competence in the subject has been officially promoted. At the same time, as a new concept, epigenetics heritage is added to the "Genetics and Evolution" course module, which brings new content and challenges to high school genetics teaching. Based on the conceptual knowledge framework established by the curriculum standard, this paper analyzes the core concepts contained in it from the perspectives of the conceptual development and connotation of epigenetics, that is, epigenetics is a heritable variation that does not involve changes in base sequences, and using this criterion to compare and analyze different examples to clarify that no matter DNA methylation, histone modification or RNA interference is a regulatory mechanism. Combined with the epigenetic concept cognition questionnaire of teachers and prospective teachers to understand the current epigenetic teaching situation of high school biology, it is found that teachers have a vague understanding of epigenetics. This paper emphasizes the importance of concept analysis in teaching and explores the understanding methods of core concepts in epigenetics, which will help teachers and students solve the problems existing in epigenetic teaching and promote the development of biology teaching in senior high school the development of biology teaching in senior high school.