量子点是一种纳米结构的半导体材料，也叫做零维材料，半导体纳米晶。从体相逐渐减小至一定临界尺寸(相应体材料激子的波尔半径)以后，由于受量子尺寸效应和介电限域效应的影响，半导体量子点显示出独特的发光特性[23]。量子点与传统发光材料相比更具有优越性，如其在相关溶剂中对需要检测的离子响应的选择性和灵敏度比较高。半导体作为一种发光材料，被广泛应用于发光器件，太阳能电池以及离子检测的领域中。 本文通过研究CdTe量子点和与P物质偶联的CdTe量子点的荧光猝灭，以及巯基丙酸修饰的ZnS掺Mn量子点和半胱氨酸修饰的ZnS掺Mn量子点的磷光猝灭，通过综合荧光光谱，磷光光谱以及磷光寿命的变化规律，将同种离子对不同量子点的猝灭规律进行横向比较，并将不同离子对同种量子点的猝灭规律进行纵向比较，研究量子点的猝灭机理，为开发利用不同种类的量子点做成的系列传感器，对无机、有机方面的化合物进行快速同时的检测打下了基础。

Quantum Dots(QDs) are nanostructured materials, also known as zero-dimensional materials, semiconductor nanocrystals or nanocrystallites. At extremely reduced sizes (close to or smaller than the dimensions of the exciton Bohr radius within the corresponding bulk material), these nanoparticles behave differently from bulk solids due to quantum size effects and quantum confinement effects[23]. They demonstrate unique luminescent properties which are superior to traditional luminescent materials, as shown in the better ion selectivity and sensitivity. Quantum dots, as a new type of luminescent materials, have been applied widely in the fields of light-emitting devices, solar cells, and biomedical analysis. This article studies the fluorescence quenching of the CdTe QDs (before and after coupling with P substance), and the phosphorescence quenching of the Mn-doped ZnS QDs (MPA-modified- and CYS-modified-). My researches focused on the variation of the fluorescence intensity, phosphorescence intensity and phosphorescence lifetime, and then made an analysis. I both made a horizontal comparison based on the effects of the same metal ion upon different QDs, and meanwhile a vertical comparison based on the effects of different metal ions upon the same sort of QDs. After that, I also explored the quenching mechanism of the QDs, which lays solid foundation to the invention of the sensor series made from different sorts of QDs and the rapid detection of metal ions and organic and inorganic compounds.