《儒林外史》是中国古代讽刺小说的巅峰之作，其主旨思想在于通过对儒林众生的辛辣讽刺，批判科举制度，抨击政治操控下的程朱理学。关于《儒林外史》讽刺手法的研究，多集中于语言研究、比较研究、人物形象研究等诸多方面。本文试从《儒林外史》的讽刺手法出发进行分类探究，即分为静观其行，自曝其丑；白描矛盾，自形其丑；通过语言，自露其丑；强烈对比，加强讽刺四个方面，并通过对小说讽刺桥段的解读，剖析《儒林外史》的主题思想。

The pinnacle of ancient Chinese satirical fiction, the main idea of The Scholar is to criticize the imperial examination system and attack the politically manipulated Cheng-Zhu philosophy through its pungent satire of Confucianism. Studies on the satirical techniques of The Scholar have focused on linguistic studies, comparative studies, and characterization studies. In this paper, we try to categorize and explore the satirical techniques of The Scholar, which are divided into four aspects, i.e., quietly observing its behavior and exposing its ugliness; white-drawn contradictions and shaping its ugliness; revealing its ugliness through language; and strong contrast and strengthening the satire, and analyzing the thematic ideas of The Scholar through the interpretation of the satirical bridge.