在东北方言中，可以与补语“明白/不明白”搭配使用的动词十分广泛，例如“打不明白”、“喝不明白”、“洗明白”、“没摘明白”等，这样的用法在普通话中，除了“听”、“想”、“说”等少量动词之外，都是不成立的。由此，我们初步判定，“明白/不明白”在东北方言的语境中充当了泛义补语。鉴于此，本研究以“明白／不明白”为研究对象，根据“三个平面”理论，详细描写并分析该补语的句法特征、在动态交际中产生的不同语义类别以及语用特征，并对其意义泛化的过程进行了一定程度的梳理，深入分析其意义泛化的原因。全文共分为六个部分： 第一章为绪论，主要介绍选题缘起、研究意义和研究方案，并对与本专题相关的研究成果进行了文献综述。文献综述的内容主要包括关于补语分类的研究、方言语法研究和方言研究中的泛义现象的研究，这些研究均对本文的研究有着重要的指导意义和参考价值。 第二章到第五章是文章的主体部分。第二章从语义的角度入手，探究了共时平面上“明白/不明白”的语义类型，主要有“是否具备做好的能力”、“问题是否解决，得出可接受结果”、“是否结束、完成”三个语义项，同时包括“轻微责备、嫌弃义”、“调侃义”、“讽刺义”三种色彩意义；第三章从句法特征的角度入手，分析了该泛义补语的类型、特点以及使用的限制条件；第四章从语用的角度入手，对“明白/不明白”作为泛义补语时的小语境进行了整理和总结，并仔细分析了肯否定用法使用频率的差异及原因，以及语用偏移现象；第五章从历时的角度考察了古代汉语和现代汉语中“明白”的含义，分析了该词词义偏移的发展轨迹，并从语言内部发展规律、语言外部社会发展需求、社交软件和大众传媒的影响等方面分析了该补语泛化的原因。 第六章为本文的结语，对本研究的主要内容和结论进行了总结，同时分析了本研究的不足，并提出未来研究展望。

In the northeast dialect, the verbs that can be used in conjunction with the phrase ‘mingbai/bu mingbai’ are very widely used, such as ‘da bu mingbai’, ‘he bu mingbai’, ‘xi mingbai’, ‘mei zhai mingbai’, etc. However, in Mandarin of modern Chinese, except for a small number of verbs such as ‘listening’, ‘thinking’ and ‘speaking’, the other structures are invalid. According to this phenomenon, we preliminarily judged that ‘mingbai/bu mingbai’ acted as a generalized complement in the context of the northeast dialect. In view of this, according to the ‘three planes’ theory, this study takes ‘mingbai/bu mingbai’ as the research object, describe and analyze the syntactic characteristics of the complement, the different semantic category in dynamic communication and pragmatic features in detail. Moreover, we sort out the process of its meaning generalization to some extent and explore the reason. This paper is divided into six parts: The first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the origin of the topic, the research significance and the research plan, and reviews the research results related to the topic, including the research on complement classification, the study of dialect grammar and the general meaning in dialect research. These studies have important guiding significance and reference value for the research of this paper. The second to the fifth chapters are the main parts of the paper. The second chapter starts from the semantic point of view and explores the semantic type of ‘mingbai/bu mingbai’ on the synchronic plane, mainly including three rational items (‘whether it has the ability to do well’, ‘whether the problem is solved, and the acceptable result is obtained’, ‘whether complete or not’) and three emotional meanings (‘slight blame, dissatisfaction’, ‘make fun’, ‘irony’). The third chapter starts from the perspective of syntactic features, and analyzes the complement type, complement characteristic and restrictions of the use of the generalized complement. The fourth chapter starts from the perspective of pragmatics, sorts out and summarizes the small context of ‘mingbai/bu mingbai’ as a generalized complement. Furthermore, we analyze the differences and the reasons of the frequency between positive and negative usage, as well as pragmatic effects bias phenomenon. The fifth chapter firstly examines the meaning of ‘mingbai’ in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese from a diachronic perspective, analyzes the development trajectory of the meaning bias of the word. In addition, we analyze the reason of generalization from several aspects, such as the rules of the internal language, the social development needs of the language, the social software and the mass media. The sixth chapter is the conclusion of this paper, which summarizes the main content and conclusion of this research, analyzes the shortcomings of this research and puts forward the prospect of future research.