随着数字人民币试点的深入推进，这种新型法定货币改革正如火如荼地进行着。数字人民币作为诞生不久的新兴事物，不同于传统的纸质货币，具有独特的互联网智能属性；数字人民币也不同于去中心化的虚拟货币，以国家信用为背书。关于数字人民币，学界对其存在诸多讨论，这些讨论主要集中于法律性质和权利判定方面。就数字人民币的法律性质而言，学界存在物权说、债权说、虚拟财产说等多个理论立场；就数字人民币的权利判定而言，交付主义和登记主义的对立，“占有即所有”规则的适用都是需要关注的问题。在尚未完善相关立法的情况下，数字人民币的法律性质直接关系到其可以适用的不同法律规则，涉及到物权法、债权法等相关领域。本文将采取文献研究法、比较研究法、跨学科研究法和利益衡量论等方法，从数字人民币的产生背景和发展现状入手，分析数字人民币的私法定性问题，进而将数字人民币与我国民法担保制度相衔接，对数字人民币担保制度进行初步构想和设计，为我国民法典担保制度设计提供新思路。

本文主要由四个章节组成：第一章是问题的提出，本章介绍数字人民币的产生背景、发展状况与发展困境，溯源数字人民币的产生历程，分析数字人民币在我国货币体系中的应有位置和价值定位，从现有的学界研究中总结归纳数字人民币发展遇到的法律性质争议、权利判定问题和担保适用问题；第二章是数字人民币的私法定性研究，本章通过比较数字人民币和其他货币的不同特征，分析数字人民币所具有的公私二元属性，并着重研究其物权属性，指出数字人民币属于物权客体的本质，将数字人民币归为特殊的虚拟财产；第三章是数字人民币的可担保性研究，本章从数字人民币的财产公示性、担保技术基础和民法典担保的设立种类三个方面，论证数字人民币的可担保性，即数字人民币可以成为担保财产；第四章是数字人民币担保实现的研究，本章为数字人民币担保设定实现原则、实现流程和实现规则，创新数字人民币反担保，为数字人民币担保制度的具体落地提供思路和方案。

With the in-depth promotion of the e-CNY pilot, the reform of this new currency is in full swing. As a newly born thing, the e-CNY is different from the traditional paper currency and has unique Internet intelligence attributes. The e-CNY is also different from decentralized virtual currencies and is backed by national credit. There are many discussions about the e-CNY in academic circles, which mainly focus on the legal nature and the determination of rights. As far as the legal nature of e-CNY is concerned, there are many theoretical positions such as the theory of real right, the theory of credit, the theory of virtual property, etc. As far as the right judgment of e-CNY is concerned, the opposition between delivery doctrine and registration doctrine, and the application of the "possession is ownership" rule are issues that need attention. In the absence of relevant legislation, the legal nature of the e-CNY is directly related to the different legal rules that can be applied to it, involving related fields such as property law and obligation law. This paper adopts the methods of literature research, comparative research, interdisciplinary research and interest measurement. This paper starts from the background and development status of e-CNY, analyze the qualitative problems of private law of e-CNY, and then connect e-CNY with Chinese security system carrying out the preliminary conception and design of e-CNY security system. This paper clarifies its application reasons and implementation methods, and provide a new idea for the design of the security system of China.

This paper consists of four chapters.The first chapter introduces the emergence background, development status and dilemma of e-CNY, traces the emergence process of e-CNY, analyzes the position and value orientation of e-CNY in Chinese monetary system, and summarizes the legal nature disputes, rights determination problems and security application problems encountered in the development of e-CNY from the existing academic research. The second chapter is a qualitative study on the private law of e-CNY. By comparing the different characteristics of e-CNY and other currencies, this chapter analyzes the dual attributes of public and private of e-CNY, and focuses on its property right attribute. It points out that e-CNY belongs to the essence of the object of property right, and classifies e-CNY as a special virtual property. The third chapter is the research on the guarantability of e-CNY. This chapter demonstrates the guarantability of e-CNY from three aspects: the property publicity of e-CNY, the technical basis of security and the types of civil code security. Chapter four is the research on the realization of e-CNY security. This chapter sets the realization principle, realization process and realization rules for e-CNY security, innovates e-CNY security, and provides ideas and schemes for the specific implementation of e-CNY security.