退耕还林（草）是我国为解决生态环境破坏问题实施的最大规模的生态补偿工程，对区域尤其是生态脆弱区的土地利用变化有重大的影响。合理的土地利用选择行为有助于区域经济社会协调发展和生态重建，反之导致生态退化等一系列问题。农户是土地利用选择行为的执行者，对退耕政策的实施和巩固具有重大的影响。本文以北方农牧交错带、黄土高原北部的皇甫川流域为例，在微观尺度上，基于长时间序列（2002~2013年，初期、中期和后期）农户调查，首先依据农户土地利用特征及变化分析，将农户土地利用选择行为分为土地自营行为、土地流转行为和非农经营行为，建立了农户土地利用选择类型体系；重点分析了种植选择行为、畜牧选择行为和非农经营行为及变化；建立Tobit模型，以玉米、糜子和土豆为例对农户种植选择行为变化及其影响因素进行了研究，以山羊和绵羊为例对农户畜牧选择行为变化及其影响因素进行了研究，以外出务工行为为例对农户非农经营选择行为进行了分析。经济效益是驱动农户土地利用选择行为的最重要因子，国家政策及宏观趋势作为外部因子对农户土地利用选择行为有重要导向作用，农户家庭结构和农户意愿在农户土地利用选择中扮演重要角色。在退耕政策的冲击下，种植选择行为和畜牧选择行为的重要性逐渐下降、但变化过程差异显著，作为外部因素的非农经营行为重要性逐渐上升，各种行为之间存在相互作用。今后的研究可重点探讨农户土地利用选择行为变化的驱动机制。

Grain for Green Project is the largest nationwide ecological compensation project to solve the problem of ecological environment destruction in China, has tremendous effects especially on fragile eco-region .The reasonable land use can promote the coordinated development of regional social economy and regional ecological reconstruction. On the other hand, the unreasonable land use will directly lead to consequences such as ecological degradation. Farmers are the executors of the land use, has a significant impact on the implementation and consolidation of the GGP policy. This paper took Huang Fuchuan as study area, based on farmer survey data from year 2002 to 2013,divided farmers’ land use choice behavior into farmers land self-management behavior, farmers land circulation behavior and non-land management behavior, established land use choice type system.Analyzed Planting choice behavior, animal husbandry choice behavior and non-agricultural business behaviour and their change rule.Then established Tobit model ,took the example of maize, corn millet and potatoes to analyze planting choice behavior, with goats and sheep as the example to explore animal husbandry choice behavior, took the example of migrant workers behavior to study non-farm business choice behavior ,and the influence factors after the GGP being implemented.Economic benefit is the most important driving force, the national policy and macro trends as the external factor of farmer land use choice behavior plays a guiding role, the structure of farmers’family and their willingness has great influence on land use choice behavior .Under the impact of the policy of returning farmland, the importance of the planting choice behavior and animal husbandry gradually decline, as the influence of external factors as non-farm business conduct gradually increase. Further research can be focused on drive mechanisms of land use choice behavior .