随着对外开放政策的实施与外贸条件的改善，我国进出口贸易总额高速增长，对外贸易水平逐年升高，但日渐严峻的国民收入不平等问题却也如影随形。而国际贸易作为可能影响收入分配的一个重要因素，其与收入不平等的关系也受到了社会与学者们的广泛关注。本文采用我国2000-2015年省级面板数据，分别从全国及划分东中西部地区两个层面，对进出口贸易对城乡居民收入差距的影响进行了实证分析，发现目前贸易自由化程度的增加将扩大我国城乡居民人均收入差距，且二者间存在U型关系。另一方面，对外贸易对我国东中西部不同地区也存在差异化影响，贸易开放倾向于扩大东部地区城乡收入差距，缩小中西部地区收入不平等状况。

With the implementation of the opening-up policy and the improvement of foreign trade conditions, China's total import and export trade has grown rapidly, and the level of foreign trade has increased year by year. However, the increasingly serious problem of national income inequality has followed suit. As the international trade may play an important role in the income distribution, the relationship between foreign trade and income inequality has been widely concerned by society and scholars. This paper uses the provincial panel data in China from 2000 to 2015 to empirically analyze the impact of import and export trade on the national income gap between urban and rural residents from both national and regional levels. It is found that the increase in trade liberalization will expand the Chinese urban-rural income gap and a U-shaped relationship between the two may exit. In addition, the impacts of foreign trade on the eastern, central and western regions of China are different. The increasing trade openness tends to widen the urban-rural income gap in the east and narrow the income inequality in the central and western regions.