数学教材对于数学教学起着重要作用，然而关于向量章节教材国际比较不多且较为陈旧，因此进行本项研究，旨在通过比较中美两国高中数学教材中向量这一章发现异同，得到对于教材编写的启示。本文通过文献分析法、内容分析法和比较研究法来对比中国人教A版教材中必修二第六章和选修一第一章内容以及美国Glencoe Mathematics教材中向量这一章，从课本内容编排、课本与课标比较、课本内容组织与呈现方式多方面进行比较，得到了两种教材的异同：两本教材关于向量的内容较为相似，但对数学史、新旧知识联系、关于几何的关系有较大的差异。人教版教科书对于用向量研究几何问题更深入、对于学生分层设计习题、在章后小结中对于学生复述和探究活动中提出了更高要求，而Glencoe Mathematics教科书中有更多回顾内容、例题每步有注释，且加入较多大学数学内容，最终给出了关于未来教科书编写的建议以及未来研究方向。

Mathematics textbooks play an important role in mathematics teaching. However, there is a lack of international comparative studies on the vector chapter in textbooks. Therefore, this study aims to find similarities and differences in the vector chapter of high school mathematics textbooks between China and the United States, and provide guidance for textbook development. This article uses literature analysis, content analysis, and comparative research methods to compare the content of Compulsory 2-Chapter 6, and Elective 1-Chapter 1 in the Chinese People's Education Press textbook (A Version), as well as the Vector chapter in the American Glencoe Mathematics textbook. From the aspects of textbook content arrangement, comparison between textbooks and curriculum standards, organization and presentation of textbook content, similarities and differences between the two textbooks are obtained: the content of vectors in the two textbooks is relatively similar, but there are significant differences in the history of mathematics, the connection between new and old knowledge, and the relationship between geometry. The People's Education Press textbook provides more in-depth research on geometric problems using vectors, hierarchical design exercises for students, and higher requirements for students to retell and explore activities in the summary at the end of the chapter. However, the Glencoe Mathematics textbook has more review content, annotations for each step of the example questions, and incorporates more university mathematics content. Finally, suggestions for future textbook writing and future research directions are provided.