《班馬字類》，南宋婁機撰，該書雜采《史記》和《漢書》中的一些難字、僻字，對其進行註釋，主要是爲了方便時人對《史記》和《漢書》的閱讀。目前，對《班馬字類》的研究主要在概述、版本、音韻以及通假字方面。本文從《班馬字類》的說解體例，說解對象，說解內容來源入手，將《史記》和《漢書》共同用字這一類字作為研究對象，分為用字相同和用字相異兩種情況，旨在從字際關係的角度進行分析，并將分析的成果字際關係表另附于后。對《史記》和《漢書》用字相同的字進行分析發現，這些字包括较多的字際關係類型，有通假字，異體字，分化字，同源詞，同義詞以及連綿詞等。這種有字際關係的字占到總數的70%以上，這一結論有助於了解婁機所選取字頭的性質，多是含有字際關係的字，而這類字也是我們文獻閱讀中的障礙。與此同時，我們對《史記》和《漢書》中的用字有一定的瞭解，對深化字際關係理念有裨益。從《班馬字類》中窮盡性地選取48例《史記》和《漢書》相異用字進行分析發現，《史記》和《漢書》異文中也包含多種字際關係類型，包括通假字，分化字，異體字，同源詞和同義詞等，雖然該類型的數量有限，但依然可以看出一些端倪，通假字方面，《史記》用的多是本字，《漢書》用的多是通假字，而通假字較多地出自《司馬相如傳》中的賦，這與賦這種文體以及班固辭賦家的身份不無關係。異體字和同源詞方面，《史記》中出現的字多是使用頻率較高的字，而《漢書》中的字則比較生僻，使用頻率不高，甚至有些字的使用僅限於《漢書》中，這也有助於我們瞭解《史記》和《漢書》用字的差異。婁機憑藉深厚的古文功底對《史記》和《漢書》中的這類字進行梳理和概括，從詞義的角度對這些字進行了分析，有助於我們將其作為一個封閉的系統進行研究，同時，從《史記》和《漢書》用字的角度進行分析，對我們認識《班馬字類》的性質又有重要的作用。

Ban ma zi lei was written by Lou Ji in Nan Song dynasty.The choosed words from Shi Ji and Han Shu were complicated and rarely used. Lou Ji selected these words in order to make reading and understanding more easily.Only a few scholars have studied this book in edition, phonology and “tongjia”.This paper studies the book from the format,content and make the commom words as the research object.These words are divided into two types:the commom words and the different ones, analyse the characters relationship and make it an appendix. For the same words used in Shi Ji and Han Shu,we found that a lot of characters are related to others,including “tongjiazi”,”yitizi”,”tongyuanzi”,”tongyici”and“lianmianci”and so on.these kinds of characters account for70% of the total number of above.The conclusion helps us know Ban ma zi lei.Although Lou Ji selected these words without fixed standard,from the analyses we know more characters are related to others,thus undoubtedly would be the obstacles in our literature reading.At the same time,this helps us have a deep understanding in characters.We seleceted a total of 48 different words used in Shi Jj and Han Shu.From the different words, we learn that the characters have varied kinds of charater relationship,such as”tongjiazi”,”yitizi”,”tonyuanci”,”tongyici”,”fenhuazi”and so on.Though the number of characters we find is not large,we can still learn something.In”tongjiazi”, Shi Ji used more”benzi”,while Han Shu used more “jiezi”.Theses characters are widely used in “simaxiangruzhuan”,especially in the”fu”.This would be because of the quality of “fu”and Ban Gu was a poet.In “yitizi”and “tongyuanzi”,we found the characters used in Shi Ji are common,while in Han Shu some characters are rarely used,even some characters were only used in Han Shu.Lou Ji arranged the characters from Shi Ji and Han Shu, differentiated and analysed the meaning of the charaters.This helps us to make it as a closed system.Meanwhile,the analysis ofcharacters in Shi ji and Han Shu is also good for understanding of Ban ma zi lei.