内化和外化症状是青少年各种心理障碍的主要症状，也是影响青少年心理健康、学业表现、人际关系和幸福快乐的主要来源之一。其中内化症状主要包括焦虑症状和抑郁症状，外化症状主要包括攻击性的行为问题。认知理论中自动思维与情绪和行为之间的相互关系对于理解内外化症状的起源、本质，以及对这些症状进行评估和干预都起到了很大的作用。本研究在2158名11-19岁青少年中对认知理论进行了检验。首先引进了国外青少年自动思维评估工具，对儿童自动思维量表（CATS）进行了修订。考察了该量表的信效度指标。之后，采用独立样本T检验、方差分析等方法考察了青少年内化和外化症状总体现状，以及性别、年龄、父母婚姻状况和家庭经济条件对青少年内外化症状的影响。采用多元逐步回归分析（Stepwise），分别以焦虑症状、抑郁症状和品行问题为因变量，以4种负性自动思维因素（躯体威胁、人际威胁、个人失败感、敌意）作为预测变量，来检验中国青少年群体内外化症状背后的自动思维特点。 主要研究结果如下：（1） 中国还没有针对青少年自动思维进行评估的工具，本研究首先在2158名青少年中对儿童自动思维量表（CATS）进行修订。通过验证性因素分析发现儿童自动思维量表（CATS）原有的4因素模型拟合良好，具有良好的结构效度（NNFI=0.97,CFI=0.97,IFI=0.97,χ2/df=12.23, RMSEA=0.084,）。总量表及各分量表均具有良好的信度，其中总量表的重测信度为0.79；内部一致性系数为0.96；分半信度为0.946。（2） 本研究考察了我国2158名青少年的内外化症状现状及人口学变量对其的影响。发现青少年群体中焦虑障碍的检出率为31.8%，品行问题的检出率为10.3%。性别、年龄、父母婚姻状况和家庭经济水平对青少年内外化症状均有显著影响（p<0.05）。（3）本研究探究了自动思维对青少年内外化症状的影响，发现人际威胁相关的自动思维，能够显著预测预测青少年的焦虑症状，且对焦虑症状具有最强的解释率（46.4%）。个人失败感相关的自动思维，能够显著预测青少年的抑郁症状，且对抑郁症状具有最强的解释率（61.5%）；敌意相关的自动思维，能够显著预测青少年的品行问题，且对品行问题具有最强的解释率（16%）。本研究得到的结论如下：（1）儿童自动思维量表具有良好的信度和效度，可以作为了解我国青少年自动思维的有效测量工具；（2）我国青少年内化和外化症状的性别和年龄差异显著，其中女性内化症状的严重程度高于男性，而男性外化症状的严重程度高于女性；随着年龄增长，青少年内外化症状的严重程度有增高的趋势；（3）父母婚姻状况比较糟糕的青少年表现出更多的内外化症状；家庭经济水平对青少年内外化症状的影响还不是很清晰；（4）人际威胁的想法是伴有高焦虑症状青少年的主要自动思维内容，个人失败感是伴有高抑郁症状的青少年的主要自动思维内容，敌意的想法是品行问题较严重的青少年的主要自动思维内容。

Internalizing and externalizing symptoms are the main symptoms of many kinds of mental disorders in adolescents, which also affect the mental health, academic performance, interpersonal relationships, and well being of adolescents. Internalizing symptoms include anxiety and depression symptoms, whereas externalizing symptoms mainly include aggressive behavior problems. In cognitive theories, the knowledge of the interrelationship between automatic thoughts and emotion whereas behaviors, has had a major influence on our current understanding of the nature, assessment, and treatment of mental disorders.This study tested the cognitive theory in the sample of 2158 11 to 18-year-old Chinese adolescents. firstly, we revised the foreign psychological measure tool, the Child Automatic Thoughts Scale, and test its reliability and validity. Secondly, we use independent-samples T test and ANOVA to investigate the current situation of the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents, and the influence of gender, age, parental marital status and family economic status on those symptoms. finally, we adopt multiple Stepwise regressions to examine the automatic thoughts behind the symptoms in youth, with anxiety symptoms, depression symptoms and conduct problems respectively as the dependent variable, and four negative automatic thought factors (physical threat, social threat, personal failure and hostility) as the predictive variables.The main results are as follows: (1) We have not yet developed the psychological measure tool to assess the automatic thoughts in youth in China. So we firstly revised the Child automatic thoughts Scales (CATS) in the sample of 2158 adolescents. Confirmatory factor analysis suggested that the 4 theoretically derived subscales model of CATS fitted well. The scale has good structure validity（NNFI=0.97, CFI=0.97, IFI=0.97, χ2/df=12.23, RMSEA=0.084）. Test of the reliability turned out to be excellent. The test-retest reliability is 0.79, the internal consistency reliability coefficient is 0.96 and the split-half reliability is 0.964. (2) This study examines the current situation of the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of adolescents, and the influence of the demographic variables on those symptoms. The results show that the prevalence rate of anxiety disorders is 31.8%, whereas 10.3% for the conduct problems.Gender, age, parents' marital status and family economic status has significant effect on adolescent’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms (p < 0.05).(3) This study explores the influence of automatic thoughts on internalizing and externalizing symptoms in youth. Thoughts on social threat were the strongest predictors of anxiety symptoms (46.4%), thoughts on personal failure were the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms (61.5%), and thoughts on hostility or revenge were the strongest predictors of conduct problems (16%).The conclusion of this study are as follows:(1) The four-factor CATS has good reliability and validity applied to high school students sample in China. (2) There are signfiicant sex differences and age differences on the internalizing and externalizing symptoms of youth. Girls’ internalizing symptoms are more serious than boys, while boys externalizing symptoms are more serious than girls; the symptoms are becoming increasingly serious with age.(3) The poor parental marital status is associated with more serious internalizing and externalizing symptoms, while the influence of family economic status on internalizing and externalizing symptoms is not very clear in this study.(4) Thoughts on threat were the strongest predictors of anxiety symptoms, thoughts on loss or personal failure were the strongest predictors of depressive symptoms, and thoughts on hostility or revenge were the strongest predictors of aggression.