“单独两孩”政策会满足部分政策受益家庭的二孩生育意愿，带来出生人口增长的小高峰，在教育领域，学前教育将首先面临挑战。因此，本研究从教育人口学视角和利益相关者理论出发，调查政策受益家庭的生育意愿，并对学前教育需求进行预测，应对人口增长与学前教育资源的矛盾问题，满足政策受益家庭的学前教育需求，并提出社会其他方面的配套措施，为政府、相关教育部门和托幼机构等提供决策依据。本研究采用访谈法和问卷调查法，以北京市“单独两孩”政策家庭为研究对象，兼顾城区和郊区，共获得16个访谈样本和643个问卷样本。研究结果发现：1.二孩生育意愿方面：（1）二孩生育抉择和原因：明确打算生二孩的家庭不算多，有较多的家庭处于犹豫和矛盾状态。生二孩一般是基于孩子的发展和主体意愿，不生二孩主要是时间精力不够和经济压力。（2）二孩生育意愿：政策受益家庭最希望有两个孩子，对二孩有较明显的女孩偏好，大部分家庭会在四年内完成二孩生育。（3）生育意愿的影响因素：包括学历、母亲年龄和家庭月平均收入。2.有二孩生育意愿家庭的学前教育需求：（1）早期教育服务方面：服务方式以亲子活动为主；开设有资质的0-3岁托管看护机构；一周接受1-3次教育服务，周末早教班的需求较多，每次课在100元以下。（2）幼儿园教育方面：接送方便、教育理念好和老师专业是家庭择园时最看重的三个要素；收费项目要清晰合理，每月在2000元以下，并对两孩家庭有费用优惠；家长也希望接受幼儿园的教育服务。（3）社会力量和政府的学前教育服务功能：社区提供学前教育服务的设施和场所，开展服务活动；政府提供每月一次的免费早期教育服务等。3.配套措施：教育上要增加托幼机构数量，提高教学质量，降低费用；医疗上要增加妇产科和儿科，降低医疗费用，就医便利化；产假上要延长女性产假，完善产假制度；此外，还要完善社会保障制度，提供住房优惠等。研究建议和结论：（1）托幼机构数量在增加的同时，要丰富教育服务方式，提高教育服务质量。（2）社区和家庭等社会力量要充分发挥学前教育服务功能，提供并利用好相关设施、场所和活动。（3）政府要倾听政策受益者的诉求，加快学前教育立法，开设0-3岁托管看护机构，合理进行托幼机构布局，提供免费或优惠的学前教育服务，加强教师素养；同时在医疗、产假和社会保障等方面采取配套措施、制定配套政策。

The new two-child policy will meet some policy beneficiaries’ fertility desires of the second child, and it will bring a bit growth of population. In the field of education, early childhood education will be the first to face the challenge. Therefore, this study uses the perspective of education demographic and stakeholder theory to survey policy beneficiaries’ feitility desires, and to forecast early childhood educational demands in order to solve the contradiction between population growth and early childhood education resources, and to satisfy early childhood educational demands. Then put forward supporting policy and provide decisions for government, relevant education departments and early child institutions etc.This study uses interview method and questionnaire survey method. The study objects are policy beneficiaries in Beijing, including city and suburb. It received 16 interviews and 643 questionnaires totally. The results of the study are:1. Fertility desire: (1) Fertiliy choices and reasons: wanting the second child is not much, and more families are hesitant and contradictory. Wanting the second child based on the first child’s development and their own will. Some families will give up the opportunity because of the lack of time and energy, also economic pressure. (2) The policy beneficiaries mostly hope to have two children, and have an obvious preference for girls. Most families will born the second children in four years. (3) Facors of fertility desirs including the education level, mother’s age and household income.2.Wanting the second child families’ early childhood educational demands: (1) Early child care service: parent-child activities, set up some qualified 0-3 years old nurseries, accept 1-3 times education service per week, especially weekend, each lesson costs less than 100 yuan. (2) Early childhood education service: convenience, good education concept and professional teachers are most important in choosing kindergarten. Clear and reasonable cost, less then 2000 yuan per month, and have subsidies for two child families. Parents also hope to receive some services. (3) Social forces and the government’s service function of early childhood education: provide service facilities and places, carry out service activities; the government provides monthly free early child care service.3. Supporting measures: increase the number of early child institutions, improve teaching quality, reduce the cost; increase the departments of obstetrics and gynecology and pediatrics, reduce medical costs, and more convenient; extend maternity leave, improve the system of maternity leave; in addition, improve the social security system, provide housing benefits etc.The conclusions and suggestions: (1) Increase the number of early child institutions, and enrich the ways of education service, improve the quality of education service; (2) Social forces should provide early childhood education service, including relevant facilities, places and activities. (3) The government should listen to the demands of the policy beneficiaries, speed up in making the law of early childhood education, set up 0-3 years old nurseries, layout childcare institutions reasonablely, provide free or discounted service, strengthen teachers’ quality; take supporting measures and policies about hospital, maternity leave, social security system and so on.