自恋是一种动机性的人格变量，其结构和功能都比较复杂。Back(2013)等人将自恋分为两种截然不同的类型，分别是钦佩型自恋和竞争型自恋。钦佩型自恋是基于自信的取向，钦佩型自恋水平较高的个体会通过自我提升来获得所需的社会钦佩；竞争型自恋则相反，它是基于对抗性的取向，竞争型自恋水平较高的个体会通过自我防御来避免一定的社会失败。亲社会行为一般指一切符合社会期望的，对他人、群体、社会有益的行为，是一种发生在人际互动之间的社会行为。关于自恋和亲社会行为的关系，以往的研究结果存在很多争议。有的学者认为自恋水平高的个体通常只关注于自身价值而减少助人倾向，而另一些学者认为自恋水平高的个体也会为了获取他人钦佩而做出更多亲社会行为。我们认为，前人研究结果不一致的原因，主要是没有区分自恋的不同类型，而不同类型的自恋，由于其结构不同，也具有不同的社会功能，包括对亲社会行为的影响。青少年期是发展自我概念，构建健全人格的重要阶段，自恋的发展变化也在青少年及成年初期个体身上极为突出。因此，本研究通过两项子研究，考察不同类型自恋对青少年及成年初显期个体亲社会行为的影响和其机制。 研究1通过问卷测量的方式，以中国陕西省、福建省、山东省的高一高二青少年为被试(N = 3246，M年龄 = 16.88，SD年龄 = 0.89)，考察了不同类型自恋和亲社会行为之间的关系，并检验了基本心理需要满足在其中起到的的中介作用。研究2以成年初显期的个体为被试(N = 318，M年龄 = 24.40, SD年龄 = 4.75)，通过对不同社会比较情境的操纵，考察不同类型自恋和亲社会之间的关系，并检验了基本心理需要满足的中介作用和不同社会比较情境的调节作用。 研究结果表明：(1)钦佩型自恋水平正向预测亲社会行为，而竞争型自恋水平负向预测亲社会行为；(2)基本心理需要满足在不同类型自恋与亲社会行为的关系之间均起到了中介作用。钦佩型自恋水平越高，其基本心理需要满足水平越高，进而做出的亲社会行为也越多；而竞争型自恋水平越高，其基本心理需要满足的水平较低，进而做出的亲社会行为也较少；(3)不同社会比较情境调节基本心理需要满足对不同类型自恋影响亲社会行为的中介作用。对于钦佩型自恋水平较低的个体来说，下行比较情境可以显著提升其基本心理需要满足水平，进而使其做出更多的亲社会行为，上行比较组和控制组间没有显著差异；对于钦佩型自恋水平较高的个体来说，上行比较情境会显著降低其基本心理需要满足水平，进而降低其亲社会行为水平，下行比较情境和控制组间没有显著差异。对于竞争型自恋水平较低的个体来说，三种情境下其基本心理需要满足的水平没有显著的差异；对于竞争型自恋水平较高的个体来说，下行比较情境可以显著提升其基本心理需要满足水平，进而使其做出更多的亲社会行为，上行比较组和控制组间没有显著差异。 本研究通过问卷测量和情境操纵实验，揭示了钦佩型/竞争型自恋与亲社会行为之间存在的不同关系，并探讨了其中的中介和调节机制，这在理论上增加了对自恋结构及功能的理解，也在一定程度上明确了自恋与亲社会行为之间的关系，以及关系间的心理机制，澄清了前人相关研究结果的矛盾。从现实性来说，本研究为理解不同自恋者的行为提供了新的视角，也为促进不同自恋者的亲社会行为提供了一些可行的参考方法。

Narcissism is a kind of motivational personality variable that has a complex structure and function. Back (2013) categorized narcissism into two different types—narcissistic admiration and rivalry. Narcissistic admiration is based on self-confidence. Moreover, participants with a higher level of narcissistic admiration will gain social admiration through self-improvement. In contrast, narcissistic rivalry is based on confrontational orientation. Participants with a higher level of narcissistic rivalry will avoid social failures through self-defense. Prosocial behavior generally refers to the acts that occur in interpersonal interactions and are beneficial for others, groups, or the society. Previous findings on the relationship between narcissism and prosocial behavior are very controversial. Some studies have found that participants with a high level of narcissism usually focus on their own value and are less likely to help others; while others have found that participants with a high level of narcissism will also behave more prosocially in order to gain the admiration from others. We believe that the reason for the inconsistent results of previous studies is that different types of narcissism are not distinguished. Different types of narcissism have different structures and also have different social functions, including their impact on prosocial behavior. Adolescence is an important stage in developing self-concept and building a sound personality. The development of narcissism is also prominent in adolescents and emerging adult participants.In this research, we examines the relationship between two types of narcissism and prosocial behavior and its mechanism of adolescents and emerging adult participants through two studies. Study 1 used questionnaires to measure the two types of narcissism and prosocial behaviors of senior middle school students in Shannxi, Fujian and Shandong provinces (N = 3,246，Mage = 16.88 years，SDage = 0.89), and tested the relation between two types of narcissism and prosocial behaviors and the mediation of basic psychological needs satisfaction in this relation. Study 2 further manipulated different social comparison among emerging adult samples (N = 318，Mage = 24.40 years, SDage = 4.75), and tested the mediation of basic psychological needs satisfaction and the moderation of different social comparisons in the relation between two types of narcissism and prosocial behavior. The results showed that (1) narcissistic admiration positively predicted prosocial behavior, whereas narcissistic rivalry negatively predicted prosocial behavior; (2) basic psychological needs mediated the relations between two types of narcissism and prosocial behavior. That is, high levels of narcissistic admiration were more likely to satisfy one’s basic psychological needs, and thus elicited more prosocial behaviors; Higher levels of narcissistic rivalry were less likely to satisfy one’s basic psychological needs, and thus elicited fewer prosocial behaviors; (3) Social comparison moderated the relations between two types of narcissism and the basic psychological needs satisfaction. For participants with a low level of narcissistic admiration, downward comparison significantly improved their basic psychological needs satisfaction, and thus elicited more prosocial behaviors. Yet, there was no significant difference between the upward comparison and control conditions. For participants with a high level of narcissistic admiration, upward comparison significantly reduced their basic psychological needs satisfaction, and thus elicited fewer prosocial behaviors. Yet, there was no significant difference between the downward comparison and control conditions. For participants with low levels of narcissistic rivalry, there was no significant difference in basic psychological needs satisfaction in the three conditions; for participants with high levels of narcissistic rivalry, downward comparison significantly improved their basic psychological needs satisfaction, and thus elicited more prosocial behavior, whereas there was no significant difference between the upward comparison and control conditions. Across two studies, this research revealed different relations between narcissistic admiration/rivalry and prosocial behavior and clarified the mediating and moderating mechanisms through questionnaire measurement and a situational manipulation experiment. It not only theoretically facilitates the understanding about the structure and function of narcissism, but also clarifies the relation between narcissism and prosocial behavior and the psychological mechanisms of this relation, and thus helps explain the contradictions of previous findings. In reality, this research provides a new perspective for understanding the behavior of different types of narcissists and also provides some feasible solutions for promoting the prosocial behavior of different types of narcissists.