柴达木盆地是我国沙化土地分布最广的地区之一，近年来由于全球气候变化和人类活动的干扰，土壤风蚀日益严重，土地沙漠化不断发展。因而探究风蚀对柴达木盆地表土粒度的影响可为研究高海拔风蚀区土壤性质提供参考，也可为当地土壤资源保护与利用和防治土地沙化提供建议。本文利用第二次青藏科考北京师范大学考察队在柴达木盆地采集的表层土壤样品及风蚀调查结果，测定土壤粒度、采用地统计方法计算并绘制研究区的土壤粒度分布图与风蚀强度分布图，并结合统计学模型探讨风蚀与研究区表土粒度的关系。

研究发现，虽然研究区表土粒度分布极不均匀，但粉粒在柴达木盆地表土中占主要优势，极易受风力侵蚀；盆地中心粒度最细，盆地东部以粉砂为主，粒度也较细，而盆地西部、北部、南部的粒度较中心和东部粗一些，其中西南部较细，东北部为最粗；风蚀强度和表土粒度粗细具有一定的正相关性，即风蚀强度越小的地区，土壤粉粒含量越高，中砂含量越低；反之，风蚀强度大的地区土壤粒度普遍较粗，中砂、粗砂含量明显增加。此外，盐碱地由于地表有盐壳覆盖并对土壤微小颗粒具有胶结作用使其粉粒含量明显高于裸地和半裸地；农田由于人为干扰较重不符合这一规律。

The Qaidam basin is the area with the highest distribution of desertification land in China. In recent years, due to the interference of global climate change and human activities, the process of soil erosion and land desertification has become increasingly serious. The study of the influence of wind erosion on topsoil texture in Qaidam basin can provide reference for the study of soil properties in high altitude wind erosion areas, as well as some suggestions for local soil resource protection and utilization and land desertification prevention. The soil samples used in this paper were collected by a team from Beijing Normal University in the Qaidam basin during the second Qinghai-Tibet science research. After determining its texture data the distribution maps of soil texture and wind erosion intensity in the study area were calculated and plotted by the method of geostatistics, combining with the statistical model the relationship between wind erosion and topsoil texture was discussed in this paper.

The results show that although the size distribution of the topsoil in the study area is extremely uneven, the powder grains occupy the main advantage in the topsoil of Qaidam Basin and are vulnerable to wind erosion. Besides, the grain size is the smallest in the centre of the basin; in the east of the basin, silty sand is dominant and the grain size is also relatively small; in the west, north and south of the basin, the grain size is coarser than that in the center and east. There is a positive correlation between wind erosion intensity and topsoil texture thickness, which is to say, the lower the wind erosion intensity, the higher the soil powder content and the lower the sand content will be. In addition, saline-alkali soil is covered by salt crust and has the effect of cementation on soil particles, so the content of powder in saline-alkali soil is obviously higher than that in bare soil and semi-bare soil. However, farmland do not conform to this law to some extent due to their own reasons.