童年期的留守经历不仅对正处于童年时期的儿童及青少年有消极影响，而且这种消极影响会一直延续到成年，对个体的心理健康产生极大的负面影响。本研究旨在探究大学生群体中留守经历对攻击性的影响，以及正念的中介作用和敌意归因偏差的调节作用。本研究选取了Buss-Perry攻击问卷、敌意词句联想范式量表、五因素正念量表以及家庭基本情况调查问卷，对3451名在校的大学生进行调查。结果显示：(1) 大学生有童年期留守经历与正念水平呈显著负相关(r=-0.102, p<0.01)、与攻击性水平呈显著正相关(r=0.097, p<0.01)；正念与攻击性呈显著负相关(r=-0.445, p<0.01)；(2) 正念在大学生童年期留守经历和攻击性之间起到中介效应；(3) 敌意归因偏差可以调节正念对大学生童年期留守经历和攻击性的中介效应，相比起高敌意归因偏差的大学生，当敌意归因偏差更低时，童年期留守经历对正念的负性预测更强；相比起低敌意归因偏差的大学生，当敌意归因偏差更高时，正念水平对攻击性的负性预测作用更强。

The negative influence which caused by the left-behind experience in childhood not only exists during the periods of childhood and adolescence, but also persists in adulthood. The current study aimed to explore the effects of childhood left-behind experience on aggression, the mediating role of mindfulness and the moderating role of hostile attribution bias on the mediating role of mindfulness. Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire, Word Sentence Association Paradigm-Hostility, Five Facet of Mindfulness Questionnaire and family questionnaire were administered to 3451 college students. Results were as follow: (1) Childhood left-behind experience was negatively correlated with mindfulness and positively correlated with aggression, while mindfulness was negatively correlated with aggression; (2) Mindfulness played a significant mediating role in the effect of childhood left-behind experience on aggression; (3) Hostile attribution bias moderated the mediating effect of mindfulness. Two significant moderating pathways were identified: the pathway between childhood left-behind experience and mindfulness and the pathway between mindfulness and aggression. The association between childhood left-behind experience and mindfulness was stronger among college students with lower hostile attribution bias while the association between mindfulness and aggression was stronger among college students with higher hostile attribution bias.