《曹刿论战》作为《左传》的名篇，是学生提高文言文阅读能力和思维能力的重要材料。但由于缺乏历史典籍特别是出土文献材料的应用，语文教师对鲁庄公的理解往往较为片面单一，未能揭示其在具体历史语境下的政治和军事智慧。针对上述问题，研究基于近年来出土的上博简《曹沫之陈》，对鲁庄公人物形象进行了重新解读。通过《曹沫之陈》和相关传世文献的互证分析，可以发现鲁庄公并非过去所认为的无能平庸之辈：鲁庄公战前修明政治、战中身先士卒、战后不骄不躁，反映出一个励精图治、虚怀若谷的明君形象。为帮助《曹刿论战》教学构建更加全面的鲁庄公人物形象，研究提出了教学中应还原历史语境、扩充学习材料、设计思辨活动的教学建议。这一研究有助于改变和更新一线教学关于该人物形象的教学方向，也为进一步理解和认识这一人物形象提供了有力支持，展现了出土文献在文言文教学中的重要价值。

Cao Gui’s Debate on Warfare, as a masterpiece in Zuo Zhuan, serves as a significant document for students to enhance their proficiency in reading classical Chinese and critical thinking. Nevertheless, due to the lack of application of historical classics especially unearthed documents, Chinese teachers often have a relatively one-dimensional understanding of Duke Zhuang of Lu, failing to reveal his political and military wisdom within specific historical contexts. In response to the above-mentioned problems, this thesis scrutinizes the portrayal of Duke Zhuang of Lu based on Shanghai Museum Bamboo Slips: Cao Mo’s Discourse. Through a mutual verification analysis of Cao Mo’s Discourse and pertinent extant historical texts, it can be observed that Duke Zhuang of Lu is not the incompetent and mediocre figure as previously believed: Prior to the conflict, he implemented enlightened politics; in the midst of the war, he led by example at the forefront of his soldiers; following the battle, he maintained a humble and composed demeanor, embodying the qualities of an exemplary monarch who is diligent in governance and open-minded. To assist in constructing a more comprehensive portrayal of Duke Zhuang in Cao Gui’s Debate on Warfare, the thesis proposes teaching recommendations centered on the restoration of historical context, expansion of learning materials, and the design of critical thinking activities. This scholarly endeavor not only proposes a revisionary approach to teaching Duke Zhuang’s depiction within the context of Cao Gui’s Debate on Warfare but also furnishes robust evidence that supports a further understanding and appreciation of the character. Ultimately, it demonstrates the considerable value of unearthed documents in enriching the educational discourse on classical Chinese literature.