2016年习近平主席主持召开中央财经领导小组会议研究决定，要加快建立分类投放、分类收集、分类运输、分类处理的垃圾处理系统，要普遍推行垃圾分类制度。2019年，由住建部、发改委、生态环境部等九部门联合印发《住房和城乡建设部等部门关于在全国地级及以上城市全面开展生活垃圾分类工作的通知》（以下简称《通知》）。《通知》要求自2019年起在全国地级及以上城市全面启动生活垃圾分类工作；可见，生活垃圾分类治理在我国现代化建设发展道理中占有重要地位，如何实现生活垃圾分类的成功治理是我们需要关注的重点话题。

生活垃圾分类治理的成功及推广需要重点城市的经验范式，需要全民积极主动参与的社会氛围。城市居民小区相较农村或郊区具有更高的人口密度，具有参与主体多样混合等特点。因此，研究城市居民小区的生活垃圾分类治理的成功经验对全国开展生活垃圾分类治理的落地和实践具有重要意义和作用。北京市作为我国的首都，自2020年5月1日起，北京市以《北京市生活垃圾管理条例》（以下简称《条例》）为指导，进入生活垃圾分类强制执行阶段，如今《条例》实施已满两年，根据北京市城市管理委员会每年的数据报道，北京市的城市面貌和垃圾回收利用率有了显著改善和提高，表明《条例》的实施对改善生活环境和防止垃圾污染取得了显著成效。

基于以上背景，本文主要的研究目标是通过分析案例小区的成功转变过程，揭示城市小区生活垃圾分类协同治理机制，以协同治理理论为基础，采用单案例的研究方法，自2021年9月到2022年9月将荣获“北京市城市小区生活垃圾分类示范小区”的A小区作为研究对象并进行跟踪调查。通过采访当地街道办事处工作者、社区居委会工作者、第三方专业企业等多方工作人员和当地居民，运用SFIC模型系统分析A小区成为生活垃圾分类示范小区的协同治理经验和机制，为推进全国居民小区生活垃圾分类行动的有效开展提供借鉴。

本文的研究发现主要有以下四方面：

第一，起始条件的不断丰富完善是实现生活垃圾分类协同治理的基础。如完善的生活垃圾收集及处理设施、具体的生活垃圾分类治理条例和制度、多方主体间的相互信任和平等交流等。因此，良好的起始条件是保障生活垃圾分类协同治理的重要基础。

第二，催化领导越重视协同高效越有利于多方主体发挥主动性，推动生活垃圾分类治理的成功。生活垃圾分类涉及多方治理主体和参与主体，在实践过程中需要有一位主体担任多方主体的领导的角色，来统一协调多方主体，构建平等信任的多方治理环境，激发多方主体的治理活力。

第三，制度设计越细致完善越有利于生活垃圾分类治理的成功。针对不同治理主体和参与主体，均需制定不同类型的鼓励型或惩罚型的制度设计，确保制度设计是协同治理的关键内容。制度设计越公平全面，协同治理效果越好。

第四，协同过程和方式越清晰越有利于生活垃圾分类治理的成功。主要的协同过程有面对面谈话、在合作中建立信任、对过程投入热情、达成共识等方面。协同过程中每一次的成功或失败都会对下一次协同活动产生影响，所以协同过程中的每一次成功或失败，都对生活垃圾分类治理的成功具有重要影响。

本文首次系统性地分析国内城市小区生活垃圾分类治理的成功经验，并从协同治理的理论视角，利用SFIC模型分析城市小区生活垃圾分类的成功经验和治理机制。具体而言，本文有以下两方面的创新。第一，研究视角的创新。以往的文献研究多关注国外生活垃圾分类治理的成功经验和国内生活垃圾分类治理的不足及建议，本文抓住近年来城市生活垃圾分类治理的进步和成效，针对国内城市小区生活垃圾分类治理的成功经验展开研究；第二，研究模型和方法上的创新。本文在协同治理理论视角下，结合成功案例小区的治理经验，运用SFIC模型对城市小区生活垃圾分类治理展开研究，从研究模型和研究视角上均具有创新性。

同时本次研究也有一定的局限性。A小区曾被媒体公开曝光，造成政府、街道办等多方力量的及时关注和整改，媒体带来的影响和后果是此次研究的局限所在。

In 2016, Chairman Xi presided over a meeting of the Central Leading Group for Financial and Economic Affairs and decided to speed up the establishment of a garbage disposal system for classified release, collection, transportation and treatment, and promote a garbage classification system for all.In 2019, nine departments including the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development, the National Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Ecological Environment jointly issued the Notice of the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development and other departments on the Comprehensive Implementation of Domestic Garbage Classification in Cities at and above the prefecture level nationwide (hereinafter referred to as the Notice). The Notice requires that the classification of domestic garbage should be started in cities at prefecture level and above from 2019; It can be seen that the classified treatment of domestic garbage plays an important role in the development of China's modernization. How to achieve the successful treatment of domestic garbage classification is a key topic that we need to pay attention to.

The success and promotion of domestic garbage classification and management need the experience paradigm of key cities and the social atmosphere of active participation of the whole people. Compared with rural or suburban areas, urban communities areas have higher population density and are characterized by diverse and mixed participants. Therefore, it is of great significance and function to study the successful experience of domestic garbage classification and management in urban communities areas for the implementation and practice of domestic garbage classification and management nationwide. As the capital of China, Beijing has entered the mandatory implementation stage of domestic garbage classification under the guidance of the Beijing Municipal Domestic Garbage Management Regulations (hereinafter referred to as the Regulations) since May 1, 2020. Now the Regulations have been implemented for two years. According to the annual data reported by the Beijing Municipal Administration Commission, The urban appearance and garbage recycling rate of Beijing have been significantly improved and raised, which shows that the implementation of the Regulations has achieved remarkable results in improving the living environment and preventing garbage pollution.

Based on the above background, the main research objective of this paper is to reveal the collaborative governance mechanism of domestic garbage classification in urban communities by analyzing the successful transformation process of case communities., based on the collaborative management theory, uses the research method of the single case, since September 2021 to September 2022 will be awarded the "Beijing urban community domestic garbage classification demonstration area" of A community as the research object and tracking investigation. Through the interview of local sub-district office workers, community committee workers, third-party professional enterprises and other multi-party staff and local residents, using SFIC model system to analyze the collaborative governance experience and mechanism of residential district A to become a demonstration residential district of domestic garbage classification,to promote the national garbage classification action to provide reference.

The research findings of this paper mainly include the following four aspects:

First, the continuous enrichment and improvement of initial conditions is the basis of realizing collaborative treatment of domestic garbage classification. For example, perfect domestic garbage collection and treatment facilities, specific domestic garbage classification and management regulations and systems, mutual trust and equal communication between multiple subjects. Therefore, a good initial condition is an important basis for the collaborative treatment of domestic garbage classification.

Second, the more attention the catalytic leadership attaches to collaboration and efficiency, the more conducive to the initiative of multiple subjects to promote the success of domestic garbage classification management. Domestic garbage classification involves multiple governing subjects and participating subjects. In the process of practice, one subject should play the role of leader of various subjects to unify and coordinate various subjects, build a multi-governance environment of equality and trust, and stimulate the governance vitality of various subjects.

Third, the more detailed and perfect the system design, the more conducive to the success of garbage classification management. For different governance subjects and participants, different types of encouragement or punishment system design should be formulated to ensure that the fairer and more comprehensive the system design, the better the effect of collaborative governance.

System design is the key content of collaborative governance. The fairer and more comprehensive the system design, the better the effect of collaborative governance.

Fourthly, the clearer the collaborative process and way, the more conducive to the success of domestic garbage classification management. The main collaborative processes include face to face conversation, trust building in collaboration, enthusiasm for the process, and consensus building. Every success or failure in the collaborative process will have an impact on the next collaborative activity, so every success or failure in the collaborative process has an important impact on the success of domestic garbage classification and governance.

In this paper, we systematically analyze the successful experience of domestic communities  garbage classification and management for the first time, and analyze the successful experience and management mechanism of urban communities garbage classification by using SFIC model from the theoretical perspective of collaborative governance. Specifically speaking, this paper has the following two aspects of innovation. First, innovation of research perspective. Previous literature studies focused on the successful experience of domestic garbage classification and management abroad and the shortcomings and suggestions of domestic garbage classification and management. This paper focuses on the successful experience of domestic communities  garbage classification and management by capturing the progress and results of urban garbage classification and management in recent years. Second, research model and method innovation. In this paper, from the perspective of collaborative governance theory, combined with the governance experience of successful case communities, the SFIC model is used to study the classification and management of domestic garbage in urban communities, which is innovative from the perspective of research model and research.

At the same time, this study also has certain limitations. A community has been publicly exposed by the media, resulting in timely attention and rectification by the government, street office and other forces. The influence and consequences brought by the media are the limitations of this study.