解放战争时期，不仅有国共两党在军事、文化、意识形态等领域 的激烈角逐，还有以自由知识分子所代表的“中间路线”的阐述与展 开。自由知识分子们或创建政党，或创办刊物，积极宣传自己的政治 主张。本文将以自由知识分子创办的《观察》杂志(1946-1948)为研 究中心，以其中关于国际局势问题的讨论为研究对象，分析其在世界 格局的震荡中对于中国自身道路的思考。通过把握解放战争和战后世 界新局势两个大局，考察《观察》周刊中涉及国际问题的相关篇章。 在更加宏阔的历史背景下，不仅仅是分析自由知识分子对于美苏等强 国的考察及其对于中国道路的启示，还注重中国国际生存环境的分析， 由中国国内的“路线问题”拓展到国际的“生存发展问题”。

During the period of the Liberation War, there was not only intense competition between the Kuomintang and the Communist Party across military, cultural, and ideological domains but also an articulation and development of a "middle path" represented by liberal intellectuals. These intellectuals either established political parties or founded publications to actively promote their political views. This paper centers its research on the magazine 'Observation' (1946-1948), created by these liberal intellectuals, with a focus on analyzing discussions within it regarding international situations amidst the tumultuous global landscape. In a more expansive historical setting, this investigation not only delves into how liberal intellectuals appraised superpowers like the United States and the Soviet Union and what insights they drew for China's own path, but also emphasizes the analysis of China's international conditions for survival and growth, thereby extending the domestic discussion of "policy directions" to the international realm of "survival and developmental challenges".